For a full breakdown of all the codes used in the project, please view the code list and field list files held in the database section of the digital archive.
Initial grouping of batch by category. Two letter codes for ground stone, broad chipped stone reduction category, or lithic discard.
A second level designation providing sub-groups for ground stone, cores and tools. Blanks and debris are not assigned a class level description. This field is left blank if 'Hammer Stone' entered under Type. Ground Stone is grouped by a division of function. Cores are grouped by type of blank removal, CTE forms a final sub-group. Tools (chipped stone) are grouped by established tool classes. Pièces esquillées not given class, only type code.
| Code | Definition | Description |
|---|
| Bac | Backed | Tool exhibiting a retouched back. |
| Bla | Blade | Core exhibiting only, or dominated by, negative blade scars. |
| Blt | Bladelet | Core exhibiting only, or dominated by, negative bladelet scars. |
| Bur | Burin | Tool exhibiting one or more burin facet/s. |
| Chp | Chip | Core exhibiting only, or dominated by, negative chip scars. |
| CTE | Core trimming | Core element. |
| Cut | Ground stone - Cutting | Ground tools such as axes and flaked tools associated with cutting. |
| Den | Denticulate | Tool defined by a denticulated or multi-notched tool edge. |
| Fla | Flake | Core exhibiting only, or dominated by, negative flake scars. |
| Glo | Glossed | Tool defined by the presence of gloss. |
| Gri | Ground stone. Grinding | Ground tool exhibiting surfaces for grinding, pounding or otherwise crushing substances. |
| Man | Ground stone. Manufacture | Ground - primary or resharpening flake of gound stone. |
| Mul | Multi-tool / Multi-blank core | Tool or blank exhibiting elements from two or more of any of the single classes, not resulting from re-use. No Type entered, tool classes / blanks listed in 'multi-classes' field. |
| Not | Notched | Tool defined by the presence of 1-3 notches. |
| Oth | Ground stone. Other | Tools or pieces not covered by other classes. |
| Per | Perforator | Tool defined by a distinct retouched or utilized tip or corner exhibiting macro-wear indicating rotation. |
| Ret | Retouched | Tool defined by marginal retouch. |
| RMa | Ground stone. Raw material | Unworked stone retained as diagnostic material. |
| Scr | Scraper | Tool defined by abrupt 'scraper' retouch and a convex delineation. |
| Tru | Truncation | Tool where retouch truncates a distal or proximal end. |
| Uti | Utilized | Tool exhibiting patterned macro edge or surface wear. |
| Ves | Ground stone. Vessel | Ground vessel or vessel fragment. |
| Wei | Weight | Ground stone. Ground - perforated stones and other potential weights. |
Raw material of lithics in batch.
| Code | Definition | Description |
|---|
| Bas | Basalt | A volcanic rock typically black or gray in colour with a very fine grain. |
| Cha | Chalcedony | Either a coarse 'quartz' looking rock with white, orange, blue or purple tints or a very fine clear to translucent tinted stone. |
| Chr | Chromite | |
| CnL | Chert | Any non-Lefkara or non-Mamonia chert. |
| Dia | Diabase | A volcanic rock typically exhibiting grey to dark green colour and fine grain. |
| Gab | Gabbro | A volcanic rock like micro-gabbro, but exhibiting a large grain size. |
| Gyp | Gypsum | |
| Har | Harzburgite | |
| Jas | Jasper | A coarse silica stone typically in red, green or dark yellow colours. |
| Lap | Lapithos chert | A limestone chert like Lefkara chert, but assigned to the Lapithos formation of Kyrenia. A more moderate quality typically exhibiting negative radiolarian cavities instead of limestone inclusions. |
| LBa | Lefkara-basal | An opaque Lefkara chert typically in pale red, brown, yellow, olive colours. |
| LTD | Lefkara-dense translucent | A variant of Lefkara-translucent that of moderate quality that is semi-opaque, typically banded and exhibits a rougher surface texture. |
| LTr | Lefkara-translucent | A medium to good quality translucent limestone chert of the Lefkara formation typically exhibiting numerous limestone inclusions. |
| Mam | Mamonina | A hard but very poor quality pale red and white banded chert assigned to the Mamonia formation, typically used for hammerstones. |
| Mar | White marble | |
| MGa | Micro-gabbro | A volcanic rock like diabase, but exhibiting a medium grain size. |
| Mon | 'Moni' | A Lefkara chert varient of good to high quality marked by a distinctive and frequently mottled black, gray, bluish-gray to gray-brown colour range. |
| Obs | Obsidian | A volcanic glass not occurring naturally in Cyprus. |
| Pic | Picrolite | A soft sedimentary rock with a distinctive pale bluish-green colour. |
| SUm | Silicified umber | Umber with a high silica content creating a hard stone that permits concoidal fracturing. |
| Tra | Translucent | A very high quality translucent Lefkara formation chert, typically found in red, red-brown, to olive and gray colours. |
| Umb | Umber | Red, brown, yellow umber. |
| Vas | Vasicular basalt | A dense volcanic rock exhibiting negative air bubble casts. |
Tertiary level designation defining artefact groups within chipped stone class. Three letter codes, except for Blanks. Most Types can only be applied to one particular Class. Cores are defined by scar patterns and platform character. CTE defined by relationship to core shaping or maintenance. Blanks are defined by size and mount of dorsal cortex. Blades are twice as long as they are wide. Bladelets <= 40mm long and 12mm wide. Chips <=15mm max. Spalls are made by the burin-blow technique. Debris are defined as any blank fragment or chunk (angular debris) Tool type is defined according to a list of established types within each class division.
| Code | Definition | Description |
|---|
| Abr | Abrasion utilized | Utilized implement exhibiting abrasion or edge rounding on any edge or surface not attributed to natural processed. |
| Alt | Alternating | 1. Core with generally single platform edge with alternating removal scars.
2. Backed piece with alternating retouch. / Denticulated edge produced by alternating retouch.
3. Marginal retouched tool exhibiting alternating retouch. |
| Amp | Amorphous | Core with multiple platform/face. |
| B-1 | Fully cortical blade | Blank type. |
| B-2 | Partly cortical blade | Blank type. |
| B-3 | Non-cortical blade | Blank type. |
| Bac | Backed | Glossed tool with a retouched back. |
| BaT | Backed and truncated | 1. Backed piece with both a backing and truncation.
2. Backed and truncated glossed segment. |
| Bif | Bifical | Reotuched biface. |
| Bil | Bilateral | Marginal retouched tool exhibiting bilateral retouch. |
| Bit | Bitruncated piece | Truncations exhibited on both distal and basal ends. |
| BL-1 | Fully cortical bladelet | Blank type. |
| BL-2 | Partly cortical bladelet | Blank type. |
| BL-3 | Non-cortical bladelet | Blank type. |
| BOB | Burin-on-break | Burin faceted on a break. |
| Bor | Borer | Perforator with a relatively thick tip. |
| Cav | Concave | 1. Backed piece exhibiting a concave delineation.
2. Burin faceted from a concave retouched truncation.
3. A distal or basal truncation with a concave delineation.
4. Marginal retouched tool exhibiting a concave delineation. |
| Ch-1 | Fully cortical chip | Blank type. |
| Ch-2 | Partly cortical chip | Blank type. |
| Ch-3 | Non-cortical chip | Blank type. |
| Cha | Change-of-orientation | Core with 2 or more platforms juxtaposed at 90-degrees. |
| Chu | Chunk | |
| COF | Core-on-flake | Core with flaked flake with scars not exhibiting wear. |
| Crs | Crested flake/blade | Flake or blade exhibiting a dorsal crest used to establish straight ridges on core face. |
| Dho | Dhoukani 'tooth' | Unretouched or marginally retouched tool exhibiting the size, morphology and wear diagnostic of Cypriot threshing sledge teeth. |
| Dih | Dihedral | Burin faceted on an acute angled intersection. |
| Dir | Direct | Denticulated edge with direct retouch. |
| Dis | Discoidal | Bifacial with alternating platform edge around entire circumference. |
| Dri | Drill | Perforator with a fine tip. |
| Dub | Double | 1. Scraper exhibiting retouch on both distal and proximal ends or both lateral edges.
2. Tool with two notches. |
| End | End | Scraper exhibiting retouch on the distal or proximal end. |
| Err | Error correction | Any flake, blade, bladelet, chip or spall showing correction of core face. |
| ESd | End/Side | Scraper with continuous retouch on both an end and lateral edge. |
| F-1 | Fully cortical flake | Blank type. |
| F-2 | Partly cortical flake | Blank type. |
| F-3 | Non-cortical flake | Blank type. |
| Frg | Fragment | Blank fragment or core fragment lacking intact platforms and not identifiable to type. |
| Gen | General utilized | Utilized implement exhibiting continuous or patterned edge damage not attributed to recent damage. |
| Ham | Hammerstone | |
| Mis | Miscellaneous fragments | Universal type |
| Mix | Mixed | Burin exhibiting feature of 2 or more burin types. |
| Nat | Alternate | Marginal retouched tool exhibiting alternate retouch. |
| Nuc | Nucliform | Multiple faceted burin such that it resembles a core. |
| Obl | Oblique | Transverse truncation set at an oblique angle to the flaking angle of the tool blank. |
| Opp | Opposed platform | Core with 2 opposed platforms on same or alternate faces. |
| Ovr | Overshot | Any flake, blade, bladelet, chip or spall with a truncated a core platform on its distal end. |
| Pic | Pick | Heavy core-like piece with deliberately fashioned pointed end. |
| Pnt | Point | No class designation, these rare pieces are described individually. |
| PRj | Platform rejuvenation | Any flake, blade, bladelet, chip or spall exhibiting the removal of a core platform. |
| Psq | Pièce esquillée | Any piece exhibiting opposing battered edges on a blank segment with regular rectilinear delineation. No class designation. |
| Ptd | Pointed | Marginal retouched tool exhibiting a retouched pointed end. |
| Rec | Rectilinear | 1. Marginal retouched tool exhibiting a rectilinear delineation.
2. Backed piece with a rectilinear delineation. |
| ReS | Tool resharpening | Universal type |
| Ret | Notched and retouched piece | Notched tool also exhibiting another zone of retouch (either notch or retouch could have been a backing in function terms). |
| Rou | Round | Scraper exhibiting retouch around all or nearly all of the tool circumference. |
| Sid | Side | Scraper exhibiting retouch one lateral edge. |
| Sim | Simple | Burin faceted from an unaltered edge. |
| Sin | Single platform | 1. Core with scars on 1 or more faces struck from one platform.
2. Tool with a single notch, including 'clactonian' notches. |
| Sp-1 | Fully cortical spall | Blank type. |
| Sp-2 | Partly cortical spall | Blank type. |
| Sp-3 | Non-cortical spall | Blank type. |
| Spl | Splintered piece | Core with opposing battered platforms generated by the bipolar-on-anvil technique. |
| SpP | Split pebble | Pebble split by single concoidal blow. |
| Stp | Steep | Scraper exhibiting very steep retouch, typically on one or both |
| Str | Straight truncation | Burin faceted from a rectilinear retouched truncation. |
| Tan | Tanged blade | Blade or blade fragment exhibiting a uni- or bilateral retouched tang. |
| Tes | Tested | Material block exhibiting only 1 or 2 negative scars. |
| Tra | Transverse | Exhibiting a rectilinear retouched truncation cutting either the diatal or basal end. |
| Tri | Triple notch | Notched piece with three notches. |
| Tru | Truncated | Glossed tool with one or two retouched truncations. |
| URt | Unretouched | Glossed tool without secondary retouch. |
| Vex | Convex | 1. Backed piece exhibiting a convex delineation.
2. Marginal retouched tool exhibiting a convex delineation. |
| Weg | Wedge utilized | Utilized implement exhibiting coarse alternating edge damage on one or typically two opposing edges. |
Established types used to define the character of the butt or basal end that receives the blow to remove the blank from the core.
Type of blank module. Each of these notations use the 1,2,3 cortex sub-divisions: Fully Cortical, Partly Cortical, Non-cortical.
Description of cortex, distinguishing between different types of source materials.
Dorsal scar configuration, used to help indicate the type of core reduction method used.
Description of the longitudinal section view of a ground stone inventory item.
Description of the plan view of a ground stone inventory item.
A numeric scale used to describe the retouch outline of the inventory item. Multiple retouch segments are separated by commas and are listed in the same order as the retouch locations.
A numeric scale 1-10 recording the location of retouch scars and worked edges. Multiple segments are separated by commas. Continuous segments noted with a dash.
A numeric scale used to describe the morphology of the retouch scars. Multiple retouched segments are separated by commas and follow the same order as retouch location.
Characterizes the termination or point at which a fracture left the parent core and is used to indicate successful fracture associated with level of skill. Recorded only when distal end is intact.
Description of the transverse section view of a ground stone inventory item.
Description of the location of the working surface/s and a note concerning overall quality.