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Table 1: Radiocarbon and stable isotopic measurements from samples securely associated with the lithic types considered in this study
Site Laboratory number Material and context Radiocarbon age (BP) δ13C (‰) Modelling approach Reference
Long Blade
Flixton II, North Yorkshire CAR-1016 Bulk peat (probably containing aquatics) from around horse astragalus (Finds no. 2711) from test pit AE excavated in 1986. 9850±80 −27.2 TPQ, aquatics Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming
Flixton II, North Yorkshire Q-66 Organic mud containing scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification. Too old in comparison with dates for the fauna it contains. Probably contains aquatics. 10413±210 TPQ, aquatics Godwin and Willis 1959, 66
Flixton II, North Yorkshire OxA-X-2395-14 Equus sp. left astragalus (XB23) from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification. 10155±55 −24.6 Fully modelled Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire OxA-6328 Replicate of OxA-X-2395-14 10150±90 −20.2 Fully modelled Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire OxA-6319 Equus sp. 1st phalanx from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification. 10150±80 −20.8 Fully modelled Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire OxA-6318 Equus sp. 1st phalanx from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification. 10090±90 −20.8 Fully modelled Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire OxA-6329 Equus sp. bone from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification. 9160±80 −20.3 Omitted, inaccurate result Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire OxA-27207 Waterlogged willow twig from peat [1010] containing horse remains. 9975±45 −27.4 Fully modelled Milner and Taylor forthcoming
Flixton II, North Yorkshire OxA-x-2495-12 Waterlogged willow twig from peat overlying sand and gravel lens that seals archaeological deposits. 9480±90 −26.7 TAQ, constraint Milner and Taylor forthcoming
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex OxA-1788 Equus sp., molar 83390 from scatter A. F.309. Long blade lithic scatter. 10270±100 −21.0 Fully modelledLewis and Rackham 2011
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex OxA-1902 Equus sp., tooth 83387 from scatter A, F312. Long blade lithic scatter. 10010±120 −21.0 Fully modelled Lewis and Rackham 2011
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex OxA-18702 Replicate of OxA-1902. 10060±45 −21.5 Fully modelled Lewis and Rackham 2011
Star Carr
Broxbourne 104, Hertfordshire Q-3033 Bulked sample of bovid and cervid bone (not examined for cut marks), associated with flint scatter. 9350±120 Fully modelled Jacobi nd
Daylight Rock, Glamorgan OxA-2245 Charred hazelnut shell fragments in fissure filled with red clay and associated with abundant lithic artefacts on headland above cave. 9040±90 −22.2 Fully modelled David 2007
Daylight Rock, Glamorgan OxA-2246 Charred hazelnut shell fragments in fissure filled with red clay and associated with abundant lithic artefacts on headland above cave. 9030±80 −25.0 Fully modelled David 2007
Daylight Rock, Glamorgan OxA-2247 Charred hazelnut shell fragments in fissure filled with red clay and associated with abundant lithic artefacts on headland above cave 8850±80 −25.2 Fully modelled David 2007
Nab Head I, Dyfed OxA-1496 Charred hazelnut shell fragments NH80 02, from upper layers of solifluction deposit [context 12] underlying soil with Mesolithic artefacts in sqL6. This square contained mostly early artefacts and shale beads, though some late pieces were also present. 9110±80 −26.0 Fully modelled David 2007
Prestatyn, Clwyd OxA-2268 Charred hazelnut shells associated with flint tools, in thin black soil sealed by tufa. 8700±100 −23.5 Fully modelled Bell 2007
Seamer C, North Yorkshire HAR-5237 Bulk peat from context 2506, Trench C XIII (1982). Described as either a 'mid-brown coarse detritus mud/peat with wood and reed frags', or 'upper wood peat', containing struck flint. This should be stratigraphically later than HAR 5236. Given areas of this trench are disturbed and it also contains long blade material, this may reflect mixing of material of different dates. 9800±80 −29.3 Fully modelled Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 242
Seamer C, North Yorkshire HAR-5236 Semi-charred, unidentified waterlogged wood from context 5012, trench C XIII (1982), scatter K2. Black-grey sand/peat interface with occasional rounded pebbles & a high organic fraction. Context contained struck flint & ?worked wood 9470±100 −28.6 TPQ, potential old wood offset Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 242
Seamer C, North Yorkshire OxA-26542 Elk/cattle-sized bone, one end charred, from scatter G bone dump, adjacent to early Mesolithic lithic scatter. Sample taken from uncharred end. 9340±45 −22.4 Fully modelled Conneller and Higham 2015
Seamer C, North Yorkshire HAR-5238 Charcoal, Salix/Populus sp. from context 2018, Trench C XVIII. From sand with associated flint. 9300±110 −28.2 Fully modelled Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 243
Seamer C, North Yorkshire HAR-5791 Charcoal, Salix/Populus sp. from context 2018, Trench C XVIII, From charcoal lens in sand layer 2018, with associated early Mesolithic flint. 9340±160 −27.8 Fully modelled Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 245
Seamer C, North Yorkshire CAR-196 Bulked cattle and deer bones from detrital mud associated with mineral erosion deposit & hazelnut. 24.60m OD Context 2132 / 2177? Bone layer 2135, Trench C IX (1979) Seamer G bone layer? 9100±100 −24.2 Fully modelled Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming
Seamer C, North Yorkshire HAR-5547 Unidentified charcoal from context 5012, Trench C XI (1981) K2 Black-grey sand/peat interface with occasional rounded pebbles & high organic fraction. From immediately below dense flint concentration.8910±200 TPQ, potential old wood offset Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 244
Seamer K, North Yorkshire CAR-841 Bulk peat from peaty organic layer [5085], top, below early Mesolithic flint horizon. 10960±110 TPQ, constraint Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming
Seamer K, North Yorkshire HAR-5787 Bulk peat and mud from layer [5085] sealed beneath context 5084, and above basal gravels. 10040±130 −29.7 TPQ constraint Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 244
Seamer K, North Yorkshire HAR-5789 Peat [5005] adjacent to sample of hafted microliths. 8020±90 −28.9 TAQ, constraint Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 244–5
Seamer K, North Yorkshire HAR-6498 Waterlogged wood, Salix/Populus sp., possible haft of composite microlithic tool from [5005]. 8210±150 −30.8 TAQ, constraint Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 246
Seamer K, North Yorkshire HAR-5794 Charcoal, Salix/Populus sp, from 5012, a grey peaty sand interface layer between the main beach/shoreline deposit 5014 & the overlying wood peat 5005. Important flint/bone-bearing layer. 9590±120 −26.3 Fully modelled Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 246
Seamer K, North Yorkshire HAR-5241 Bulk peat and sand from test-pit Z 306A, context 5067 (this equivalent to 5012 flint layer) Start of organic sedimentation - from a reed peat 5067 above the sand/peat interface 5098. 11000±130 −30.3 Fully modelled Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 243
Seamer K, North Yorkshire HAR-5242 Bulk peat and sand from layer 5069 (equivalent to 5085) black detrital peat beneath sand layer. Test-pit Z 306A, Context 5069. 9560±120 −22.8 TPQ, constraint Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 243
Warcock Hill South, West Yorkshire Q-1185 Bulked unidentified charcoal curated from Francis Buckley's 1920s excavation. Believed to be associated with early Mesolithic microliths. 9210±340 TPQ, potential old wood offset Jacobi 1978
Deepcar
Eton Rowing Lake, Buckinghamshire OxA-14088 Bos primigenius sacrum, found in same layer as principle flint concentration. Context 1664 fn 378. 9540±45 −22.2 Fully modelled Allen et al. 2013
Lackford Heath, Suffolk OxA-2342 Resin adhering to flint within coherent flint assemblage, within dark sediment originally interpreted as a structure. 9240±110 −29.1 Fully modelled Roberts et al. 1998
Lominot III, West Yorkshire Q-1187 Bulked unidentified charcoal, believed excavated at same time as early Mesolithic flint assemblage(s). 9565±470 TPQ, potential old wood offset Jacobi 1978
Marsh Benham, Berkshire Q-1380 Bulked hazel charcoal and unidentified wood in apparent association with lithics. 9690±240 TPQ, potential old wood offset Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 57
Marsh Benham, Berkshire Q-1129 Bulked hazelnut and unidentified wood in apparent association with lithics. 9300±150 TPQ, potential old wood offset Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 57
Marsh Benham, Berkshire OxA-5195 Charred hazelnut shell in apparent association with lithics. 8905±80 −23.7 Fully modelled Reynier 2002
Oakhanger Warren Site VII, Hampshire Q-1489 Bulked charred hazelnut shells from level 2. 9225±170 Fully modelled Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger Warren Site VII, Hampshire Q-1491 Bulked pine charcoal from level 2. 9100±160 TPQ, potential old wood offset Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire Q-1493 Bulked pine charcoal from level 2 Site VII 9040±160 TPQ, potential old wood offset Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire Q-1490 Bulked pine charcoal from phase 1 or 2. 8995±160 TPQ, potential old wood offset Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire Q-1492 Bulked pine charcoal from phase 2? 8975±160 TPQ, potential old wood offset Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire Q-1494 Bulked pine and hazel charcoal from phase 2. 8885±160 TPQ, potential old wood offset Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Thatcham III, Berkshire Q-659 Bulked unidentified charcoal and hazelnut shells from hearth in square G5, 3-5, 7-8. 10365±170 TPQ potential old wood offset Wymer 1962
Thatcham III, Berkshire Q-1384 Bulked unidentified charcoal from hearth in square E4.4. 9665±170 TPQ potential old wood offset Jacobi nd
Thatcham III, Berkshire OxA-2848 Resin adhering to flake. No location information. 9200±90 −28.8 Fully modelled Roberts et al. 1998
Thatcham, Berkshire III Q-658 Bulked charred hazelnut shells from hearth in square F3-4, 1 & 3. 10030±170 Omitted, inaccurate result Wymer 1962
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex OxA-5557 Cervus elaphus tooth (84084) from scatter C west. 9280±110 −21.4 Fully modelled Lewis and Rackham 2011; Bayliss et al. 2015, 189
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex OxA-5558 Capreolus capreolus, mandibular tooth (90377) from scatter C west. 9265±80 −23.0 Fully modelled Lewis and Rackham 2011; Bayliss et al. 2015, 190
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex OxA-5559 Cervus elaphus, maxillary tooth from scatter C west. 9200±75 −21.3 Fully modelled Lewis and Rackham 2011; Bayliss et al. 2015, 190
Waystone Edge, West Yorkshire Q-1300 Bulked unidentified charcoal from hearth pit? 9396±210 TPQ, potential old wood offset Jacobi 1978
Basally modified
Cramond, Edinburgh OxA-10180 Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/1066 [1431], the fill of a shallow scoop 1432 containing hazelnuts and lithic artefacts cut into side of pit [1430], sealed by [1409]. 9250±60 −26.0 Fully modelled Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh OxA-10145 Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/291 [1409] circular spread of silt with hazelnuts and lithic artefacts sealing rubbish pits under possible old topsoil. 9230±50 −24.9 Fully modelled Lawson 2001, Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh OxA-10143 Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/291 [1409] circular spread of silt with hazelnuts and lithic artefacts sealing rubbish pits under possible old topsoil. 9150±45 −23.5 Fully modelled Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh OxA-10179 Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/958 [1426] level K the fill of central pit [1430] containing hazelnuts and lithic artefacts. 9130±65 −23.9 Fully modelled Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh OxA-10144 Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/283 [1402] the fill of a small truncated pit [1425] sealed by [1409]. 9110±60 −23.1 Fully modelled Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh OxA-10178 Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/956 [1426] level M the fill of central pit [1430] containing hazelnuts and lithic artefacts. 9105±65 −23.3 Fully modelled Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Kettlebury 103, Surrey OxA-378 Charred hazelnut shells from box H10.7. 8270±120 assumed −25.0 Fully modelled Reynier 2002, 226
Kettlebury 103, Surrey OxA-379 Charred hazelnut shells from box 18.9. 7940±120 assumed −25.0 Fully modelled Reynier 2002, 226
Kettlebury 103, Surrey OxA-6395 Charred hazelnut shells from box 46A at 20cm depth. 7990±90 assumed −25.0 Fully modelled Reynier 2002, 226
Kettlebury 103, Surrey OxA-6396 Charred hazelnut shells from box 16B at 27cm depth 8573±110 assumed −25.0 Fully modelled Reynier 2002, 226
Longmoor, Hampshire OxA-376 Charred hazelnut shell L1, from within scatter of flint artefacts in bleached horizon of humus-iron podsol. 8930±100 assumed −25.0 Fully modelled Gillespie et al. 1985; Reynier 2002, 226
Longmoor, Hampshire OxA-377 Charred hazelnut shell, from within scatter of flint artefacts in bleached horizon of humus-iron podsol 8760±110 assumed −25.0 Fully modelled Gillespie et al. 1985, Reynier 2002, 226
Westhampnett, Sussex OxA-4170 Charred hazelnut shells from a shallow pit 40434 up to 50cm below topsoil, found with a number of Mesolithic flints and a wider flint scatter recovered by fieldwalking. Area 4. 8880±100 −24.6 Fully modelled Fitzpatrick et al. 2008
Scalene triangles
Broomhead Moor site 5, South Yorkshire Q-800 Unidentified bulked charcoal from archaeological layer. 7890±80 TPQ, potential old wood offset Radley et al. 1974; Switsur and Jacobi 1975
Broomhill, Hampshire Q-1192 Unidentified bulked charcoal from base of pit 3. 8540±150 assumed −25.0 TPQ, potential old wood offset O'Malley and Jacobi 1978
Broomhill, Hampshire Q-1383 Unidentified bulked charcoal from base of pit 3. 8315±150 assumed −25.0 TPQ, potential old wood offset O'Malley and Jacobi 1978
Broomhill, Hampshire Q-1528 Unidentified bulked charcoal from base of pit 3. 8515±150 assumed −25.0 TPQ, potential old wood offset O'Malley and Jacobi 1978
Broxbourne 105, Hertfordshire Birm-343 Waterlogged wood (pine), from 0.51m. Base of wood peat, Mesolithic hearth also at base of wood peat. TPQ for hearth. 8700±170 TPQ, potential old wood offset Shotton and Williams 1973
Filpoke Beacon, Co. Durham Q-1474 Bulked charred hazelnut shells from a black band of charred hazelnuts, beneath which is a white layer of ash and calcified bone fragments. The artefacts came from within or just above the black band. 8760±140 Fully modelled Jacobi 1976, 71
Lightmarsh Farm, Herefordshire OxA-4327 Charred hazelnut shells from pit or tree throw containing late Mesolithic microliths. 8800±80 −25.2 Fully modelled Hedges et al. 1994, 352
Madawg Shelter, Herefordshire OxA-6081 Charred sloe seed, found 1cm from charred scalene triangle. 8710±70 −26.2 Fully modelled Barton and Roberts 1996
Prestatyn, Clwyd OxA-2269 Charred hazelnut shells associated with flint tools, in thin black soil sealed by tufa. 8730±90 −23.6 Fully modelled Bell 2007
Stumps Cross, North Yorkshire Q-141 Bulk unidentified charcoal from undisturbed organic mud of small pool associated with lithic scatter. 8450±310 TPQ, potential old wood offset Walker 1956
Tolpits B101, Hertfordshire Q-1147 Bulked charcoal, probably oak and maple, from F1, a small pit. 8260±150 TPQ, potential old wood offset Jacobi nd
Warcock Hill site III, West Yorkshire Q-789 Bulked charcoal (Quercus sp. and Betula sp.) from 3 cooking pits, excavated by Francis Buckley. Charcoal from Pit 5 dug into underlying shale and thin overlying grey sand. Occurrence of distinctive banded chert on floor and in pits suggested they were contemporary and dug during the occupation. 8606±110 TPQ, potential old wood offset Radley et al. 1974

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