List of refitting units Mechanically conjoining antler fragments form refitting units. The refitting units are recorded, according to identification numbers. A refitting unit contains of 2 or more conjoining elements. Each refitting unit is recorded with the following attributes: Identification number (ID): Each refitting unit has a unique identification number. A critical selection of refitting units is displayed in the mapped refitting units (fig. 29). The identification numbers given there are identical with those, given in this list. Refit: Is given as a sequence of the inventory numbers of the refitting elements. The inventory numbers are seperated from each other with semicolons. The inventory numbers contain two parts, seperated by a slash. The first part gives the number of the excavation square, the second part gives the find number for the axcavation square. Morphological description (of conjoining finds): Conjoining antler finds of each refitting unit are named with small letters, in the order of their listing in the field refit. Each find is classified morphologically. A detailed morphological description of each find is to be found in the detailed morphological description (tab. 2) of the antler material, where all finds are listed according to their inventory numbers. Facies provenience: All finds are classified as coming from: A= diluvial fan, B= shore terrace or C= pavement, according to the facies definitions given by D. Mania (1980). Distance between conjoining finds. These are measured from the documentation, where possible. The distances are measured between the conjoining breakage planes. If more than 2 finds are parts of a refitting unit, the distances for each refit are given. Due to documentation gaps, not all distances are measurable. Non measurable distances are indicated by question marks. Stratigraphic provenience: All finds come from: planum a (= chara limestone horizon), planum b (= main find horizon on the shore terrace) or planum c (= pavement). Finds from the pavement area, encountered lying higher than the pavement are registered as planum b. Stratigraphical informations describing the exact positions of finds from the diluvial fan are not available. Especially objects, encountered in the channels, that are discordantly overlain by the travertine sands of the diluvial fan sensu stricto, often cannot be related to those channels. For selected finds the stratigraphical position inside the diluvial fan is described in the literature. These informations are quoted. Another problem are finds from the chara limestone, which mostly don´t have their positions documented. Their positions inside the chara limestone horizon sometimes have to be deduced per exclusionem: Finds > 5cm, that are not mapped in the documentation, mostly have a provenience from the chara limestone horizon. If one of the numerous faults, that disturb the excavation area is located in a square, and the material from the fault was considered to be dislocated, these finds are not documented. In that case we are encountered with two possibilities: such a find can either be found in the chara lime stone horizon or in the fault. Differential corrosion not always allows to solve the riddle of provenience for those finds, nor do the find lists in the excavation reports. If the provenience of an element of a refitting unit from planum a, b or c cannot be acertained on the ground of the documentation, or if finds from the diluvial fan cannot be further located within the travertine sands or the channels below, the lack of information is indicated by question marks. Special characteristics: Special remarks cover observations of preservation phenomenons. An illustration of refitting units is not envisaged. ID: 1 Refit: 373/363, 373/368 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, unshed antler, right b: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, left Spatial provenience: a: C b: C Distance: 24cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum c b: Planum c Special characteristics: Both finds were encountered lying on their lateral sides, being laterally incrusted by sediment; the sediment crust contains coarse grained sand. Medially both finds exhibit parts of the sagital suture, which forms the guideline for desintegration. Posterior both finds have parts of the parietal bones preserved. The surfaces of both finds are preserved differentially, especially well observable in the burr regions: when excavated, the upward pointing sides were more abraded than the downward pointing sides. Where the sediment crust is missing, the downward lying sides exhibit nearly no abrasion. Fragmentation of the refitting unit was prior to abrasion. ID: 2 Refit: 355/350, 161/58, 165/9 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, unshed antler, right b: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, left c: Second tine, basal fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: B b: B c: B Distance: a - b: ? b - c: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: ? c: Planum b Special characteristics: The stratigraphic provenience of find b can only be approximated, since the find is not documented in the square plan. Probably it was found in the fault of square 161. Find a was, according to the excavation report from 1986, encountered in an area, which is not further documented or elsewhere explained in the literature. This fact is even more problematic, since in square 355, the presence of a working station was postulated (D. Mania, 1986). The excavation report from 1986 notes a shallow broad channel, being cut some 25cm deep into the lying loesslike sediment. The channel was filled with sand, it runs NW - SE towards the pavement area, in the direct neighbourhood of square 355. The channel was described also in other squares, especially in squares: 261, 262, 273, 276, 320, 321, 337, 338 und 354 (D. Mania, 1983, Abb. 7 + 8, for prolongation of the channel to the NW). Circumstances in square 355 are described, or interpreted as follows:: The top of the channel´s infill forms the surface on which finds were accumulated, it corresponds with the surface of the loesslike deposit outside the channel (main find horizon). In fact, find a was not encountered lying on the channel´s infill surface, but in a depression, filled with sand. In the depression, two antlers were encountered lying crossward one over the other. Breakage or desintegration between finds a + b occurs along the sagital suture. Anterior both finds exhibit remaining parts of the parietal bone. The bigger find a is crushed and deformed in the main beam area, due to pressure from overlying finds. ID: 3 Refit: 119/41, 106/300 Morphological description: a: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, right b: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A The finds were probably encountered on the two sides of a major fault. Find b is not documented. Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: The finds conjoin along the preserved parts of the sagital suture. Laterally both finds are broken along the sutura squamosa, seperating the frontal and the parietal bone. Posterior breaks follow the coronal suture as a guide line. Both finds are strongly corroded, the burrs are strongly abraded. Finds a + b were found in squares that are rich in antler material. ID: 4 Refit: 155/B9, 155/B10 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, unshed antler, right b: Lower main beam, unshed antler, left Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: 54cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b Special characteristics: The frontal bone of find a is anteriorly well preserved. Medially the finds conjoin along the preserved rests of the sagital suture. Lateral desintegration in both finds occurs along the sutura squamosa, that seperates frontal and parietal bones. Posterior desintegration follows the coronal suture, find a has parts of the parietal attached. Both finds were encountered with their skull parts lying to the west, and the tines pointing in southeast direction. Weak differential abrasion is visible on both finds. ID: 5 Refit: 198/66, 198/70 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, unshed antler, right b: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ca. 46cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? The travertine sands of the diluvial fan are about 45cm thick here. Special characteristics: Both finds fit together along the sagital suture. Posterior breakage occurs along the coronal suture. Both finds have anteriorily well preserved frontals. The surfaces of both finds is strongly altered by corrosion. ID: 6 Refit: 64/B1, 64/B2, 106/304, 102/242 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, unshed antler, right b: Lower main beam, unshed antler, left c: Second tine, left d: Second tine, basal fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A c: A d: A Distance: a - b: ? a - d: ? b - c: ? Stratigraphical provenience: All finds come from the diluvial fan, more detailed stratigraphical informations are missing. The two big lower main beams were encountered close to the human occipital bone A1 (E. Vlcek, 1980), they were found in a channel below the diluvial fan. The finds were: „zusammen im strudellochartig erweiterten Teil einer von West nach Ost verlaufenden Bachrinne unter dem Schwemmfächer (Taf. 31)" (E. Vlcek, 1980, 93) encountered. Both main beam finds are mapped in D. Mania (1986a, Abb. 2 as Nr.8 + 9). The two base tines are not documented, a decision, if these come from a channel below the diluvial fan or from inside the diluvial fan is excluded. Special characteristics: Guideline for desintegration of the two lower main beams is the sagital suture. Posteriorly it follows the coronal suture, the lateral breakage occurs along the squamous sutures that seperate frontals and parietals. Find a was encountered lying on the medial side, find b was found with the lateral side pointing to the ground. ID: 7 Refit: 93/B1, 200/30 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, unshed antler, left b: Lower main beam fragment, unshed antler, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ca. 14,3m Stratigraphical provenience: Stratigraphical information is lacking for find a, find b is known to be found close to the shore line, the diluvial fan travertine sands have a thickness of 20- 25cm here. Special characteristics: Medially the sagital suture is preserved along the length of the find. Posteriorily on both finds, parts of the parietals are preserved, anteriorly the frontal bones are well preserved. Find b exhibits differential abrasion, it was encountered in the course of the excavation with the lateral side pointing upwards, that side is stronger abraded than the medial side. Find a does not show differential abrasion, the find has modern disturbances, being repaired with gypsum. Find a was excavated in square 93, a documentation is not available. Find a is mapped and illustrated by D. Mania (1986a, Abb. 2 as Nr. 37; Taf. 101, 1). So, an approximation of the distance between the conjoining finds was possible. ID: 8 Refit: 152/a, 132/88, 132/90 Morphological description: a: Antler base, shed antler, right b: Lower main beam fragment, right c: Second tine, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A c: A Distance: a - b: ? a - c: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? c: ? Special characteristics: Antler base 152/a probably comes from the fault in square 152, but this has to be assumed indirectly, since the find is not mapped, nor mentioned in the excavation report. The lower main beam fragment exhibit along the breakage a slightly stronger edge rounding than the corresponding breakage of the antler base. The missing brow tine cannot be refitted mechanically, but probably the brow tine 121/199 is the corresponding find. It is distally disturbed, the trace is relatable to cervid activity. ID: 9 Refit: 155/170, 176/64 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, left b: Antler base, shed antler, left Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: 40cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b The excavation reports notes a thickness of 10- 20cm of travertine sands. The finds are described as covered by travertine sands. According to D. Mania (pers. communication) finds in this position, generally are encountered lying directly on the surface of the loesslike sediment, forming the old surface, on which finds accumulated. Special characteristics: Weathering cracks were formed prior to breakage of the refitting unit. The second tine fragment of the antler base shows modern disturbance. ID: 10 Refit: 99/393, 156, a Morphological description: a: Antler base, shed antler, left b: Lower main beam fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: B Distance: ca. 8m Stratigraphische Zuordung: a: ? b: Planum b Find a is neither stratigraphically nor twodimensionally registered in the documentation, it was mapped by D.Mania (1986a, Abb. 2 as Nr. 45). The stratigraphic relations between finds from the shore terrace and those from the diluvial fan cannot be accessed on the ground of this refit. Special characteristics: The oblique breakage occured after weathering cracks had formed. Parts of the burr are missing on the medial side, that disturbance is modern. The visible parts of the disturbed area exhibit manganese staining, indicating the strong diagenetic modification of the find. ID: 11 Refit: 77/B3, 77,132 Morphological description: a: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, left b: Pedicle fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Surface preservation of this refitting unit is bad, the surface is strongly destroyed. Find a is mapped and illustrated in D. Mania (1986, Abb. 2, Nr. 17 + Taf. 102,6). The breakage probably happened due to sediment pressure. Differental surface preservation is observable: in analogy to better documented finds it may be deduced, that the stronger abraded surface of find a, the lateral surface, was pointing upward, when excavated. The pedicle, find b, is stronger abraded medially. ID: 12 Refit: 191/73, 176/84 Morphological description: a: Antler base, shed antler, left b: Lower main beam fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: Planum b Find a is not mapped in the excavation square plan, probably it was found in the fault of square 191. Find b was found in the main find horizon, a travertine sand cover of 10-20cm is documented there. Special characteristics: Weathering cracks had formed prior to breakage of the refittimg unit. ID: 13 Refit: 338/488, 104/45, 104/44 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, left b: Antler base fragment, left c: Brow tine, basal fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: B b: A c: A Distance: a - b: ? b - c: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: a? b: ? c: ? Find a does not occur in the documentation. The degree of corrosion, as well as the high inventory number probably point to a provenience from the chara limestone horizon. Special characteristics: Breakage probably occured due to sediment overburden. Dislocation of elements from this refitting unit, after diagenetic processes had influenced the material, is probable. Find b was mapped by D. Mania (1986a, Abb. 2, Nr. 41). ID: 14 Refit: 196/13, 181/133 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, right b: Antler base fragment, shed antler, right Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum a? Find b perhaps comes from the chara limestone horizon. Alternativly a provenience from the fault of square 181 is possible. Special characteristics: Both finds, including the breakages are strongly stained by manganese. This phenomenon is typical for finds of this area of the excavation. ID: 15 Refit: 271/49, 260/35 Morphological description: a: Antler base fragment, shed antler, right b: Antler base fragment, shed antler, right Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: 4,8m Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b Special characteristics: Both finds appear to have different colours, that could be due to using different concentrations of preservative. Find a is medially and laterally covered with old scratches. ID: 16 Refit: 203/B4, 145/ a Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, left b: Brow tine, basal fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ca. 20cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: ? The inventory number of find b points to a provenience from square 145. Neither the excavation square map, nor the excavation report from 1976 list a find of a brow tine fragment. In square 203, a brow tine fragment is mapped, which also is reported in the excavation report from 1979, but a piece with a corresponding inventory number does not occur in the material. The find mapped for square 203 has a good similarity with the find a. So a mistake in the registration seems possible here. Special characteristics: Find a is laterally stronger abraded than medially. The latter side is stronger corroded than the former. The conjoining brow tine is medially encrusted by carbonate, an occurence typical for the sides encountered pointing downwards during the excavation. The burr of find a is disturbed, further observation of the burr is restricted because of attached sediments. In order to prevent further destructions, an ad hoc cleaning was principally not envisaged. ID: 17 Refit: 160/B4, 163/B1 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, shed antler, right b: Second tine, right Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: 1,7m Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b The travertine sands that cover the finds are 5- 15 cm thick in both squares. Special characteristics: - ID: 18 Refit: 173/83, 172/305 Morphological description: a: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, right b: Brow tine, basal fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: 20cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Breakage of the refitting unit occured due to sediment pressure. ID: 19 Refit: 193/45 (B5), 189/44 Morphological description: a: Antler base, shed antler, right b: Second tine, basal fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: 5,5m Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b? Special characteristics: Find a exhibits differential abrasion, the side found pointing upwards during excavation was stronger abraded than the opposite side. The seal of find a is centrally concave. ID: 20 Refit: 144/B1, 149/477 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, shed antler, right b: Second tine, basal fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: 8,5m Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Find a was encountered in the shore line area, find b in an area of the diluvial fan, with a thickness of travertine sands of 40-50cm, below the diluvial fan, relicts of channels were found here. Special characteristics: - ID: 21 Refit: 187/B1, 201/33, 201/20, 201/20a Morphological description: a: Main beam fragment, left b: Second tine, basal fragment, left c: Brow tine, basal fragment, left d: Brow tine fragment Spatial provenience: a: A / B b: A c: B d: B Distance: a - b: 1m a - c: 10cm c - d: 1cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: ? c: Planum b d: Planum b The stratigraphic provenience of find b is not documented. Special characteristics: Find Nr. 19 of square 201 probably represents the tip of the brow tine that belongs to this refitting unit, however the find does not refit mechanically. The antler base of find a is strongly disturbed. The disturbance is younger than the brow tine breakage. The edges of that breakage are rounded, the breakage plane follows older weathering cracks. Brow tine and second tine breakages occur in areas of contact with underlying finds. Find d is a small brow tine cortex fragment, desintegrated from the brow tine along a weathering crack, the removal of this find from the brow tine is not necessarily related to artificial mechanical influences. ID: 22 Refit: 184/B1, 114/78 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, unshed antler, right b: Crown base, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: 14,8m Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b The stratigraphical provenience of find a can be given more precise: The travertine sands of the diluvial fan has a thickness of about 70cm in square 184. Three horizons were differentiated: the base is formed by ca. 35cm medium grained travertine sand, ca. 15cm medium grained, single gravel containing travertine sands follow, the top is formed by ca. 20cm fine grained travertine sand (unpubl. data by D. Mania). Find a comes from the lowest horizon. In square 114 the diluvial fan is formed by 30cm laminated fine to medium grained travertine sands with single gravels. Find b comes from that horizon. Special characteristics: Different surface preservation is observable for both finds. Both exhibit weathering cracks. While find b exhibts an early stage of surface destruction, find a is in advanced stage of surface loss. Find a is of a brighter colour than find b. The tip of the brow tine of find a ist altered by splintering. ID: 23 Refit: 139/151, 129/183 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Crown tine, tip of the tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: Weathering cracks had formed prior to breakage of the refitting unit. ID: 24 Refit: 173/B2, 142/105 Morphological description: a: Upper main beam fragment, left b: Crown base fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ca. 4m Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b? b: Planum b? In square 173, find a was found in the transitional zone between diluvial fan and shore terrace. The fine to medium grained travertine sands have a thickness of 20-40cm here. Below, relicts of channels were found. In square 142 the fine to medium grained travertine sands reach a thickness of ca. 30cm, below, relicts of channels were found. Faults disturb the square. Special characteristics: Refittings of upper main beam parts are rare in the Bilzingsleben antler material. ID: 25 Refit: 56/43, 41/46 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Crown Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 26 Refit: 124/5, 123/199 Morphological description: a: Crown fragment, right b: Upper main beam fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ca. 1,1m Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b? b: Planum b? The diluvial fan of square 123 gets thinner in the direction of square 124. Fine to medium grained travertine sand forms a layer of up to 30cm. Below, an ca. 80cm wide channel, 30cm deep and filled with oblique laminated travertine sand, was observed. In square 124 the travertine sand of the diluvial fan is ca. 20cm thick. Below, relicts of channels, 35cm deep, and filled with oblique laminated travertine sand were encountered. In the lower parts, nearly no finds occured, most finds were encountered here in the middle part of the travertine sands. The exact documentation of the stratigraphical positions for finds a +b are missing. Special characteristics: - ID: 27 Refit: 228/99, 229/173 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, right b: Antler base fragment, shed antler, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Find a was found in a situation that was decribed by D. Mania in the excavation report from 1985 as a pavementlike layer. Finds were encountered densly packed, and overlying each other in multiple levels. Find b appeared at the edge of this feature. Covering travertine sands were 20cm thick. Below, depressions were encountered, filled with yellowish travertine sand, containing few finds. No documentation is available for find b. Special characteristics: Find a is slightly stronger corroded than find b. ID: 28 Refit: 320/816, 321,127 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Crown tine, tip of the tine Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a? b: Planum c Find b comes from a pavementlike accumulation of finds, encountered lying directly on top of the loesslike sediment. Here, three plana were excavated, find b comes from planum c, the lowest one. The pavementlike accumulation of finds is situated outside the „pavement", lying more to the southeast. Find a is not registered, adhering sediment is chara limestone, pointing to a probable provenience from the chara limestone horizon. Special characteristics: - ID: 29 Refit: 82/36, 82/73 Morphological description: a: Crown base fragment b: Upper main beam fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: The finds exhibit weathering cracks and nearly total destruction of the antler cortex. ID: 30 Refit: 117/38, 117/83 Morphological description: a: Tip of tine b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 31 Refit: 233/232, 235/ b Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 32 Refit: 6/17, 33/57 Morphological description: a: Antler base fragment, shed antler, right b: Lower main beam fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 33 Refit: 153/40, 149/475 Morphological description: a: Crown Tine, medial fragment b: Crown Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 34 Refit: 103/4, 104/7 Morphological description: a: Tine, basal fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 35 Refit: 130/85, 130/81 Morphological description: a: Tip of tine b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 36 Refit: 117/10, 117/35 Morphological description: a: Tip of tine b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum b Special characteristics: - ID: 37 Refit: 117/86, 117/39 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: Both finds exhibit differential abrasion, the abrasive event is prior to breakage. Opposite of the stronger abraded side, a relatively strong corroded surface is observable on both finds. ID: 38 Refit: 119/84, 119/69 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 39 Refit: 123/184, 124/8 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Crown tine, tip of the tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: The basal crown tine fragment exhibits traces of gnawing. Breakage of the refitting unit occured prior to gnawing. ID: 40 Refit: 234/78, 234/157 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Crown tine fragment, basal Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 41 Refit: 101/36, 101/37 Morphological description: a: Crown fragment, left b: Upper main beam fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 42 Refit: 6/18, 6/16 Morphological description: a: Antler base, fragment, unshed antler, left b: Lower main beam fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: A very thick layer of preservative gives a dark appearance to both finds. The burr of find a is disturbed. ID: 43 Refit: 177/43, 179/157 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 44 Refit: 154/119, 154/76, 154/85 Morphological description: a: Tine, basal fragment b: Tine, medial fragment c: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A/B b: A/B c: A/B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a c: Planum a Special characteristics: - ID: 45 Refit: 276/148, 276/93 Morphological description: a: Crown Tine, medial fragment b: Crown tine, tip of the tine Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum a Special characteristics: Planum a is mapped for this square, find b can be localized in that map. Find a cannot be localized in the map of planum b. The tip of tine was distally disturbed in the course of the excavation, traces of cervid activity are visible as well. ID: 46 Refit: 487/23, 483/39 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b Special characteristics: Find b shows a proximal pathological disturbance. Find a is distally altered due to cervid activity. Weathering cracks partly were formed prior to breakage of the refitting unit. The finds are mentioned in the excavation report, but not identifiable on the excavation square map. ID: 47 Refit: 102/220, 82/ R618 Morphological description: a: Tine, basal fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 48 Refit: 85/76, 39/78 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Crown Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 49 Refit: 85/78, 39/79 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 50 Refit: 92/20, 92/45 Morphological description: a: Antler base, fragment, unshed antler, left b: Brow tine, medial fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Find a is mapped in D. Mania (1986, Abb. 2, Nr. 36). The burr shows modern disturbance. ID: 51 Refit: 95/47, 95/80 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 52 Refit: 33/54, 33/27 Morphological description: a: Tip of tine b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 53 Refit: 75/28, 75/59 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: The breakage between both elements is incrusted by sediment. ID: 54 Refit: 97/122, 97/149 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Weathering cracks partly were formed prior to fragmentation of the refitting unit. ID: 55 Refit: 323/6, 323/407 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Crown Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: b b: ? Square 323 is disturbed by one of the major faults of the site. Its northeastern wing is partly split open horizontally. Water moved sediments and finds were found in the fault. Find a occurred at the edge of the northeastern wing of the fault. Find b is not mapped. Consequently is was found in the fault or in the chara limestone horizon. Special characteristics: Surface preservation of both finds is identical: weathering cracks and advanced cortex destruction. ID: 56 Refit: 506/86, 506/75 Morphological description: a: Tip of tine b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A? (Western trench) b: A? (Western trench) Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Weathering cracks and advanced cortex destruction characterize the surface preservation of both finds. Further informations about the threedimensional positions of the finds are not available. A provenience from planum a seems probable. ID: 57 Refit: 461/99, 461/121 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: Both finds are strongly corroded, as it is sometimes observable for finds from the chara limestone horizon. The antler cortex is completely destroyed. ID: 58 Refit: 479/100, 479/211 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: Weathering cracks and nearly total loss of antler cortex characterize the surface preservation of both finds. ID: 59 Refit: 33/42, 33/40 Morphological description: a: Tine, medial fragment b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 60 Refit: 354/142, 354/132 Morphological description: a: Crown tine, tip of the tine b: Crown Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum a b: Planum a Special characteristics: Weathering cracks and nearly complete loss of antler cortex characterize the surface preservation of both finds. The finds are not represented by the graphic documentation of this excavation square. Find a exhibits a distal negativ, paralleled by a second one which is modern. Weathering cracks partly were formed prior to breakage of the refitting unit. ID: 61 Refit: 401/12, 401/4 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, left b: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, left Spatial provenience: a: A? (Western trench) b: A? (Western trench) Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Weathering cracks and nearly complete loss of antler cortex characterize the surface preservation of both finds. ID: 62 Refit: 121/ 294, 121/298 Morphological description: a: Pedicle, right b: Antler base fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Square 121 is disturbed by faults, the fine to medium grained laminated travertine sand ot the diluvial fan is up to 40cm thick. Special characteristics: - ID: 63 Refit: 389/ a, 389/ b, 389/422, 389/116 Morphological description: a: Crown Tine, medial fragment b: Crown Tine, medial fragment c: Crown tine fragment, basal d: Crown tine fragment, basal Spatial provenience: a: C b: C c: C d: C Distance: a- b: ? b- c: ? c- d: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? c: ? d: Planum c Special characteristics: The breakage planes are more or less incrusted by sediment. ID: 64 Refit: 372/206, 372/78 Morphological description: a: Crown tine, tip of the tine b: Crown tine fragment, basal Spatial provenience: a: C b: C Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum c b: Planum c Special characteristics: Find a exhibits a modern terminal disturbance that occurs along weathering cracks at the tip of the tine. ID: 65 Refit: 506/48, 506/44 Morphological description: a: Upper main beam fragment, left b: Upper main beam fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A? (Western trench) b: A? (Western trench) Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Both finds are not mapped in the map of the excavation square, it follows, that the finds should come from the chara limestone horizon. On the other hand, the sequence is more complex in the western trench: especially quartz rich sands, perhaps of fluviatile origin, contain finds here. The documentation does not always allow a clear identification of finds with the horizons of the western trench. Special characteristics: Surface preservation of the finds is identical: weathering cracks and advanced cortex destruction. ID: 66 Refit: 82/ R349, 82/ R350, 82/ R316, 82/ R354 Morphological description: a: Brow tine, medial fragment b: Brow tine, medial fragment c: Brow tine, medial fragment d: Brow tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A c: A d: A Distance: a- b: ? b- c: ? c- d: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? c: ? d: ? Special characteristics: Weathring cracks formed prior to fragmentation of this refittting unit. ID: 67 Refit: 91/7, 92/175 Morphological description: a: Crown tine, tip of the tine b: Crown Tine, medial fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 68 Refit: 277/35, 277/33 Morphological description: a: Crown tine, tip of the tine b: Crown tine fragment, basal Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? According to D. Mania, the fault in square 277 is altered by circulating water at its NE- wing. Both finds are not mapped in the excavation square map, they could come from the chara limestone horizon or from the fault. Special characteristics: - ID: 69 Refit: 372/220, 372/ c, 372/ d, 372/ f Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, shed antler, left b: Brow tine, medial fragment, left c: Brow tine, medial fragment, left d: Second tine, left Spatial provenience: a: C b: C c: C d: C Distance: a- b: 2cm b- c: 2cm a- d: 2cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum c b: Planum c c: Planum c d: Planum c Special characteristics: The finds exhibit differential abrasion: the sides encountered during excavation as lying upward, the lateral sides, are stronger abraded than the medial sides, that pointet to the ground. The latter sides are partly covered with carbonate concretions. The fragmentation occured due to sediment presure. The abrasion event was after the fragmentation of the refitting unit. Scratches, that occur on the lateral, stronger abraded sides are affected by the abrasion. ID: 70 Refit: 174/ a, 174/96, 174/92 Morphological description: a: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, left b: Second tine, basal fragment, left c: Lower main beam fragment, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A c: A Distance: a- b: ? a- c: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? c: ? Special characteristics: Especially find c exhibits differential abrasion: the find is laterally stronger abraded than on the medial side, which is stronger corroded. In analogy to other finds, it seems possible, that the stronger abraded side was lying upward, when encountered in the course of excavation. ID: 71 Refit: 370/ 86, 370/106 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam, shed antler, left b: Second tine, left Spatial provenience: a: B b: B Distance: 20cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: Planum b b: Planum b Special characteristics: Weathering cracks and advanced surface destruction characterize the surface preservation of both finds. The second tine carries many weathering cracks, it is slightly stronger abraded than the lower main beam. ID: 72 Refit: 153/B5, 153/B6 Morphological description: a: Lower main beam fragment, unshed antler, right b: Lower main beam fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: 15cm Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? The travertine sands in square 153 are 20-30cm thick and thin out towards the south. In the shore line area chara limestone lies directly on top of the loesslike sediment, finds are very rare here. Special characteristics: Both finds exhibit differential abrasion: Sides that were encountered pointing upwards in the course of excavation are stronger abraded than the opposite sides. Probably the breakage of the refitting unit was prior to abrasion. ID: 73 Refit: 41/78, 100/B1 Morphological description: a: Second tine, left b: Lower main beam fragment, unshed antler, left Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Both finds exhibit weathering cracks and advanced surface destruction. Both are laterally stronger abraded than medially. Formation of weathering cracks partly was prior to breakage of the refitting unit. If abrasion is younger than fragmentation cannot be decided for these finds. Find b is mapped and illustrated in D. Mania (1986, Abb. 2, Nr. 48 + Taf. 100, 3). ID: 74 Refit: 103/29, 103/41 Morphological description: a: Antler fragment b: Antler fragment Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: - ID: 75 Refit: 150/B1, 150/B7 Morphological description: a: Antler base fragment, unshed antler, right b: Lower main beam fragment, right Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: 1,13m Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? The finds come from the diluvial fan facies. The graphic documentation indicates, that they were encountered lying below other finds. Special characteristics: This refitting unit was interpreted by D. Mania (1986, Taf 108) as intentionally broken. Three parallel grooves on the lateral side of find a, in the second tine area, about 1cm away from the stepped breakage between both elements, are located on the lower main beam. These are interpreted as hack marks. My recent experiments however show, that hacking onto this part of an antler with a heavy duty tool does not break the antler: traces of hack marks would be more intensive, secondly the elastic antler is absorbing the energy of heavy blows of the tools, thirdly the micromorphology of experimental hack marks are different from those grooves, documented and observed on find a. ID: 76 Refit: 69/34, 82 /R 578 Morphological description: a: Crown tine fragment, basal b: Tip of tine Spatial provenience: a: A b: A Distance: ? Stratigraphical provenience: a: ? b: ? Special characteristics: Iron oxide staining of the antler surface is dissected by the breakage of the refitting unit. This indicates a breakage after diagenetic processes had affected the refitting unit. Weathering cracks formed prior to breakage of the refitting unit. Further refitting antler fragments, not describable with the above used scheme. Besides the above mentioned mechanical refittings further refitting units are part of the Bilzingsleben antler material, which desintegrated in the course of excavation or after preparation. Desintegration occurs along cleavages in the material, crushed areas of the antler fragments or breakages that were glued together before. 7 of these refitting units are each subsumed under only one inventory number, prohibiting a description in the above chosen scheme. ID: 77 373/313: Shed antler, left. The only complete antler in the Bilzingsleben antler material. Broken into 5 major fragments the antler is crushed and deformed by contact with other finds. The breakages happened due to sediment pressure. ID: 78 373/271: Shed antler, fragment, right. 6 fragments were found, 5 are mechanicaly conjoinable. The antler broke under sediment pressure. It has modern disturbances. ID: 79 370, 57. Antler base fragment, unshed antler, right. This find desintegrated into two parts during laboratory work. The desintegration occured along a cleavage, the final energy input that desintegrated the find was a touch by hand. ID: 80 201/61 (B1). Unshed antler, fragment, left. Two pieces belong to this refitting unit. They were found lying close together, the breakage is strongly encrusted with carbonate, a mechanical refit therefore is impossible. The find comes from the shore terrace, from planum b, close to the shore line. ID: 81 48/B1. Lower main beam fragment, unshed antler, left. The pedicle of this find broke longitudinally, brow tine and second tine areas are repaired with gypsum. ID: 82 8/11. Antler base fragment, unshed antler, right. Traces of a metal excavation instrument show, that the desintegration of the find is due to excavation activities. ID: 83 228/47, 228/48. Pedicle, right and antler base fragment, right. The desintegration occurs along a cleavage plane between pedicle and burr. It is unknown, when the find desintegrated.