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Appendix 2 - Field Notes: List of used and bought tools

Nodule A | Nodule B | Nodule C | Bought specimens

Tools used from Nodule A
Tool no. Blade angle Time used Use
6A 85º at start 10min 13secs Maenget Pes used tool to pare down dobay (palmwood) axe handle.
7A (i) 43º at start 18min 20secs Wenja Neleb used tool to pare down haeluwp (rattan) axe handle.
8A 57º at start 15min 15secs Ind Kuwliy used tool to pare down dobay (palmwood) shaft for arrow point.
9A 73º at start 31min 40secs Ind Kuwliy used to pare down same dobay (palmwood) shaft for arrow point as in 8A. The blade broke in use.
10A 43º at start 28min 35secs Wenja Neleb used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) vine strand. The blade broke in use.
11A 101º at start 22min 30secs Saendaep used to pare down naep (casuarina) axe handle.
12A 45º at start 8min 33secs Ind Yaera used to carve bamboo tobacco pipe design.
13A 106º at start 23in 3secs Maenget Pes used to shave down naep (casuarina) axe handle.
14A 73º 28min 57secs Ind Kuwliy used tool to pare down dobay (palmwood) arrow point.
15A 64º 20min 42secs Wenja Muwiy used tool to pare down taembok (bamboo) jew's harp.
16A 44º 10min 39secs Maenget Saendaep used to shape taembok (bamboo) sweet potato scraper.
17A 36º 10min 33secs Wenja Muwiy used to trim ends of nodes and bore holes in taembok (bamboo) smoking pipe.
18A 33º 10min 5secs Maenget Pes used to shape a taembok (bamboo) sweet potato scraper.
19A 72º 5min Wenja Muwiy used on trimming ends of nodes and boring holes on a taembok (bamboo) smoking pipe (same one as 17A).
20A 12º 8min 8secs Maenget Saendaep used on taembok (bamboo) sweet potato scraper to shape it.
21A 67º 3min 32secs Wenja Muwiy used on trimming ends of nodes on same bamboo pipe as in 17A & 19A.
22A 44º 6min 45secs Wenja Muwiy used on trimming ends of nodes on same bamboo pipe as in 17A, 19A & 21A.
23A 42º 23min 15secs Wenja Neleb used in trimming end of skin on gaimb lor (sword grass stem) cleaning the dead leaf sheaths from the nodes and cutting to size. This was in making an arrow shaft.
24A 35º 11min 10secs Wenja Muwiy used in shaping a taembok (bamboo) sweet potato scraper.
26A Two edges used: (i) 67º (ii) 77º 10min 27secs (using both edges) Wenja Muwiy used in shaping a taembok (bamboo) sweet potato scraper.
27A 28º 13min 17secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare haeluwp (rattan) strand.
28A 67º at start 12min 20secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare haeluwp (rattan) strand.
29A 96º at start 38min 49secs Wenja Neleb used too smooth axe handle of naep (casuarina) wood.
30A 92º 5min 25secs Wenja Muwiy used to shave down a strand of haeluwp (rattan).
31A 61º 15min 45secs Wenja Muwiy used to shave down a strand of haeluwp (rattan).
45A 46º 9min 45secs Maenget Pes used tool used on shaping a taembok (bamboo) sweet potato scraper.
46A 41º 11min 15secs Mayka Sal used to pare down a small pig fibula.
47A 35º 9min 3secs Mayka Sal used to pare down same pig bone as 46A.
48A 53º 14min 25secs (it took an additional 45 secs to mount the blade) Maenget Saendaep used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) strand.
49A 31º 5min 20secs Mayka Sal used to pare down same pig bone as 46A.
50A 40º 8min 18secs Mayka Sal used to pare down same pig bone as 46A.
51A 90º 33min 22secs Mayka Sal used to pare down same pig bone as 46A.
52A 105º a) paring down same pig bone as 46A: 25min 7secs
b) paring down mbet (palmwood) arrow shaft: 7min 25secs 		Mayka Sal performed both operations with this blade.
53A 31º 16min Wenja Muwiy used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) strand.
54A 43º 18min 5secs (an additional 2min 10secs was spent mounting the blade). Wenja Muwiy used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) strand.
58A 55º 11min 30secs (an additional 2min 20secs was spent mounting the blade). Wenja Muwiy used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) strand.
59A 79º 8min 25secs Mayka Sal used to pare down a mbet (palmwood) arrow point.
60A 56º 9min 2secs Mayka Sal used to pare down a mbet (palmwood) arrow point.
61A 10º 6min 13secs (an additional 1min 45secs was spent mounting the blade). Mayka Sal used to pare down a haeluwp (rattan) strand.
62A 71º 21min 9secs Mayka Sal used to pare down a mbet (palmwood) arrow point.
Tools used from Nodule B
Tool no. Blade angle Time used Use
99B 33º 10min 6secs Ind Kuwliy used to engrave design on taembok (bamboo) tobacco pipe.
100B 44º 13min 41secs Ind Kuwliy used to engrave design on taembok (bamboo) tobacco pipe.
101B : i) 84º ii) 97º 49min 37secs Mayka Sal used to scrape down op wood digging stick.
107B 26º 37min Maenget Pes used to trim bamboo tobacco pipe and engrave design on it.
108B - 8min 3secs Ind Kuwliy used pointed wil (lit: nose) tip to bore holes in bamboo tobacco pipe design. The result was a design of small dots.
109B - 2min 9secs Ind Kuwliy used pointed end to bore a series of dot holes in taembok (bamboo) tobacco pipe design.
110B i) 91º
ii) 95º 		43min 45secs Ind Kuwliy used to scrape down naep (casuarina) axe handle.
111B i) 71º
ii) 54º 		31min 21secs Mayka Sal used tool to pare smooth an op wood digging stick.
112B 31º 6min 10secs Maenget Saendaep used to pare down dayow wood arrow point.
113B 52º 53min 52secs Mayka Sal used to pare down naep (casuarina) axe haft.
114B i) 82º
ii) 62º 		31min 28secs Mayka Sal used to pare down op wood digging stick.
115B i) 43º
ii) 83º 		28min 15secs Ind Kuwliy used to scrape down naep (casuarina) axe handle.
116B 16º 24min 18secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) strands. Blade broke during use.
117B 80º 37min 32secs Mayka Sal used to pare down op wood digging stick.
118B 62º 3min Maenget Pes used to pare skin off end of gaimb (cane grass) stem for arrow shaft whipping.
119B 38º 9min 35secs Maenget Pes used to pare skin off end of cane grass stem for arrow shaft whipping.
127B 30º 7min 40secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare skin off end of cane grass stem for arrow shaft whipping.
128B 26º 3min 33secs Maenget Pes used to pare skin off end of cane grass stem for arrow shaft whipping.
129B 40º 11in 18secs Maenget Pes used to pare skin off end of cane grass stem for arrow shaft whipping.
130B 50º 14min 5secs Mayka Sal used to pare down op wood digging stick and sharpening the end (by chopping).
131B 51º 24min 56secs Maenget Pes used to pare down dayow wood arrow point.
132B 55º 25min 18secs Mayka Yaeliyp used too pare down mbet palmwood arrow point.
133B i) 41º
ii) 36º 		23min 50secs Mayka Sal used to pare down goiz palmwood arrow point.
134B 48º 22min 51secs Mayka Sal used to pare down goiz palmwood arrow point.
135B 36º 20min 35secs Mayka used to pare down goiz palmwood arrow point.
136B 34º 25min 50secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to scrape down casuarina axe handle.
137B 20º 14min 46secs Wenja Muwiy used to shave down goiz palmwood arrow point.
138B 71º 36min 3secs Mayka Sal used to shave down goiz palmwood arrow point.
139B i) 42º ii) 56º 26min 32secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare down goiz palmwood arrow point.
140B 56º 24min 27secs Wenja Muwiy used to shave down goiz palmwood arrow point.
141B 79º 18min 8secs Mayka Sal used to shave down goiz palmwood arrow point.
142B 46º 10min 28secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare down goiz palmwood arrow point.
143B 45º 7min 35secs (an additional 1min 10secs was spent mounting the blade). Wenja Muwiy used to pare down unguruwm vine.
144B i) 69º ii) 71º 14min 7secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare down goiz palmwood arrow point
145B 13º 8min 5secs (an additional 1min 10secs was spent mounting the blade). Wenja Muwiy used to pare down unguruwm vine.
146B 61º 19min 1sec Mayka Sal used to shave down bort wood stone axe handle.
147B 24º 16min 29secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare down unguruwm vine.
148B 81º 19min 18secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare down goiz palmwood arrow point
149B i) 44º ii) 106º 8min 37secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare down unguruwm vine.
150B i) 24º
ii) 28º 		42min 34secs Mayka Sal used to pare down bort wood stone axe handle.
151B 85º 4min 17secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare down unguruwm vine.
152B 21º 12min 17secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare down unguruwm vine.
153B i) 21º
ii) 92º 		7min 7secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to pare down unguruwm vine.
154B 23º 10min 13secs Wenja Muwiy used to cut end and skin off cane grass stem for arrow shaft binding.
155B 11º 14min 41secs Mayka Yaeliyp used to shave down haeluwp (rattan) vine.
156B 34º 9min 24secs Wenja Muwiy used to cut up green cane grass stem to give weights for arrows (huwsha arrows). He cut 8 weights.
157B 50º 21min 47secs Mayka Sal used to pare down bort wood axe handle.
158B 50º 2min 40secs Wenja Muwiy used to cut up green cane grass stem to give weights for arrows (huwsha arrows). He cut 3 weights.
159B 24º 3min 43secs Wenja Muwiy used to cut up green cane grass stem into 5 weights for arrows (huwsha arrows).
160B 20º 2min 32secs Wenja Muwiy used to cut up green cane grass stem into 3 weights for arrows (huwsha arrows).
161B 58º 14min 20secs Maenget Pes used to pare down bort wood stone axe handle.
162B 31º 10min 34secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) vine.
163B 9º 7min 59secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) vine.
164B i) 74º
ii) 80º 		8min 52secs Maenget Saendaep used to pare down bort wood/stone axe handle.
165B 58º 13min 50secs Mayka Sal used to pare down hongok (tree fern) pin.
166B 45º 4min 51secs Wenja Muwiy used to shave down haeluwp (rattan) vine.
167B i) 53º
ii) 72º 		12min 33secs Maenget Pes used to pare down bort wood axe handle.
168B 50º 15min 20secs Mayka Sal used to pare down hongok (tree fern) pin.
169B 10º 15min 12secs Wenja Muwiy used to pare down haeluwp (rattan) vine.

Tools used from Nodule C

An already broken nodule. Weight = 3¾lb.
We didn't knap this nodule all in one go. Mayka Sal spent 28 seconds knapping off two tool flakes. Ind Kuwliy spent 2min 30secs knapping off three tool flakes.

Tool no. Blade angle Time used Use
170C 25º 11min 21secs Mayka Sal used to pare down tree fern pin.
171C 28º 37min 59secs Mayka Sal used to pare down tree fern pin.
172C 93º 38min 30secs Ind Kuwliy used to pare down sabhul wood axe haft.
173C 78º 25min 58secs Ind Kuwliy used to pare down sabhul wood axe haft.
174C 10º not timed Ind Duw used to butcher pigs.

Bought specimens

25
Chert tool purchased from Wenja Olnay – he had used it to pare down the handle of an axe (the wood was naep (casuarina)). I did not document the use of this tool but bought it in its used condition (to use it again he would have had to knap again to produce a fresh sharp edge.
32 to 44 and 65 to 69
These are a series of aeray blades unearthed by Mayka Sal when levelling a site for a woman's house – he assumes they were knapped and used by Mayka Hsjon (who had a house on this site and who was killed in a war about 30 years ago). They were all together in a single cache just below the present surface level. Sal thinks Hsjon buried them there to store them. He could soon have found them when wanted. Therefore this collection is from a recent stone age past, just before everyone possessed steel tools.
63
Blade angle 25º Time used: 50secs. Huwlael Kobiyaeb used to cut pork (butchering the chest).
64
Blade angle 24º Time used 1min 55secs. Huwlael Kobiyaeb used to cut through homuw hide and fat of pig and break ribs of pig.
70 to 83
A series of blades found by Mayka Sal at the base of a screw-pine and thought to have been knapped and used by Huwlael Paziy (found near present-day mens' house of Ton and Kem). These were made and used before steel tools arrived.
84 to 88
Five blades found by Mayka Sal in the soil near mumu (earth oven) pit at Pundiya's house. He had knapped them and used them about ten years ago.
89 to 93
Five flakes found by Mayka Sal by the aend ibla of the Mayka mens' house. They had been used about two or three years ago by Mayka Pes to make a bow from waeb (palmwood).
94 to 96
Three cores (aeray hul) with many cutting edges on them found by Mayka Sal by the side of Huwlael Pel's house at Haelaelinja. They had been used recently for making an axe handle of pongol wood.
102 to 106 and 176 to 181
Blades used by Wenja Puwn about three or four years ago in making mbet and goiz arrow points, a waeb palmwood bow and a sabhul axe haft.
120 to 126
Aeray blades found by Mayka Naenainj (Sal's wife) in her garden at Bombok on an old garden hut (pegaenda) site, which had been used long ago by some one – probably Mayka ancestor.
175
Hammerstones used for all the knapping of nodules A, B and C.
182 to 187
Series of five blades dug up from base of maen (hoop-pine) tree at Tomb by Mayka Sal where he remembered Kolomb Egnais using them to make arrow points and an axe haft – were used before the arrival of steel tools (used approx. 30 years ago). 187 is a core aeray hul.
188 to 190
Series of three blades found by Sal on old house site at Tomb (where Omonol's house currently stands) and assumed to have been used by Puril in stone age times before the arrival of steel tools.
191 to 203
Blades found by Mayka Sal by his house when he was erecting a fence – assumed to be more blades used previously and discarded by Hsjon, see before 32 to 44 and 65 to 69.
204 to 206
Blades found by Mayka Sal near Maenget Pundiya's house – see also 84 to 88.
207 to 208
Blades found by Mayka Sal near Maenget Hiyp's house – assumed to be decades old and were unearthed by Hiyp when levelling house site.
209 to 212
Blades found by Mayka Sal at Paym by side of his wife's father's house. They were used by Sal's father-in-law a couple of years ago in smoothing an axe handle.
213 to 220
Blades found by Wenja Muwiy at Haeretaegoiya at the base of a banana and by the side of a house – assumed to have been used some time ago, except 213 which was used recently in butchering a pig,
221 to 223
Blades found by Wenja Muwiy at Momiya at base of screw pine and assumed to have been used some decades ago.
224 to 228
Blades found by Wenja Muwiy at Haendtwiy buried at the base of a bamboo clump by his wife's father who had used them some three years ago in making arrow points.
229 to 234
Blades found by Wenja Muwiy at the rock face at Bombok – assumed to have been used decades ago.

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Last updated: Wed Oct 8 2003