* = Made using stone tools
# = made using modern equivalent (razor blade or steel knife)
M = Men; W = Women
| Item | Item type | Raw materials used | Made by | Used by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOOL | ||||
| Stone axe | Axe head | Wood, rattan, fig leaves, stone | M | M |
| Socket * | ||||
| Haft * | ||||
| Binding * | ||||
| Steel axe | haft *# | Stone, wood | M | M |
| Knives | ||||
| chert knife * | Chert | M mainly, W sometimes | M mainly, W sometimes | |
| meat knife (bamboo) *# | Bamboo | M | M | |
| cassowary bone knife *# | Bone | M | M | |
| Scrapers | Sweet potato scraper *# | Bamboo | M,W | M,W |
| Taro scraper *# | M,W | M,W | ||
| Borer | Borer *# | Rat's jaw, bamboo, tulip fibre | M | M |
| Needles | wooden needle *# | Tree fern(wood) | Men mainly, W sometimes | M,W |
| twine end needle *# | Bamboo | |||
| Pin | Pin *# | Bamboo | M | M |
| Clubs and wedges | cleaver club | Wood | M | M |
| cleaving wedges | M | |||
| pig club | M | |||
| taro club # | M,W | |||
| Digging sticks | woman's digging stick * | Wood | M | W |
| man's digging stick * | M | |||
| cane grass digging stick | M | |||
| Animal tackle | pig tethers (2 types) *# | Bark, string | M | M,W |
| dog's hunting collar *# | Pig scapula, rattan | M | ||
| Fishing net | Fishing net | Wood, netbag, plant stems | W | W |
| Broom | Broom # | Wood | M,W | M,W |
| Walking stick # | Walking stick | Wood | M | M |
| Item | Item type | Raw materials used | Made by | Used by |
| WEAPONS | ||||
| Bow | Bow *# | Wood, bamboo | M | M |
| Bow string *# | bark fibre (string) | |||
| Arrow (19 types) | ||||
| Blunt-club arrow *# | Wood, sword grass, bamboo, bark fibre (string), rattan, resin, leaves, clay, cassowary claws and leg bone, wax, fig leaves | M | M | |
| Sharp-club arrow *# | ||||
| Collared arrow *# | ||||
| Clay-weighted arrow*# | ||||
| Pronged arrow *# | ||||
|
Plain-pointed arrow 1) milkwort version *# |
||||
|
Plain-pointed arrow 2) palmwood version *# |
||||
|
Plain-pointed arrow 3) betel palm-wood version *# |
||||
|
Plain-pointed arrow 4) Orania palm-wood version *# |
||||
|
Plain-pointed arrow 5) Black palm-wood version *# |
||||
| Long-pointed arrow *# | ||||
| Broad-blade arrow *# | ||||
| Rounded blade arrow *# | ||||
| Fine-blade arrow *# | ||||
| Narrow-blade arrow *# | ||||
| Claw-tipped arrow *# | ||||
| Bone tipped arrow (short-pointed version) *# | ||||
| Bone-tipped arrow (long pointed version) * | ||||
| Carved arrow *# | ||||
| Spear | haft *# | Wood, cassowary bone, wax, fig leaves | M | M |
| head *# | ||||
| Shields 4 types | ||||
| Bark shoulder shield *# | Bark sheet, rattan, screw pine roots, wood | M | M | |
| Bark hand shield *# | ||||
| Wooden shoulder shield # | ||||
| Wooden underarm shield *# | ||||
| Item | Item type | Raw materials used | Made by | Used by |
| CONSUMPTION UTENSILS | ||||
| Firelighter | Firelighter # | Wood, bamboo | M | M,W |
| Tongs | Tongs # | Wood | M,W | M,W |
| Oil Scoop | Oil scoop # | Bark | M,W | M,W |
| Cooking tube | Cooking tube *# | Bamboo | M,W | M,W |
| Salt bundle | Salt bundle *# | Leaves, ash, bark fibre | M mainly, W sometimes | M mainly, W sometimes |
| Hunger restrainer | Hunger restrainer *# | Bamboo, bark fibre (string) moss | M | M |
| Gourd water container | Gourd water container *# | Gourd, bamboo, fern stems, wood, sword grass, ash | M mainly, W sometimes | M,W |
| Internode flask | Internode flask # | Bamboo | M mainly, W sometimes | M,W |
| Water tube vessel | Water tube vessel # | Bamboo, sword grass | M,W | M,W |
| Tobacco pipes (4 types) | ||||
| Bamboo pipe *# | Bamboo, rat's mandible, wood, sword grass stem | M | M | |
| Cane pipe *# | ||||
| Fig-wood pipe *# | ||||
| Sword grass pipe *# | ||||
| Item | Item type | Raw materials used | Made by | Used by |
| CLOTHING, BAGS | ||||
| Skirt (3 types) | ||||
| Everyday skirt # | String, sedge stems, screw pine leaves, job's tears, pig grease | W | W | |
| Mourning skirt # | ||||
| Fancy skirt # | ||||
| Rain-cape | Rain cape | Screw pine leaves, string | W mainly, M occasionally | W mainly, M occasionally |
| Girdles and straps (5 types) | ||||
| Bark girdle *# | Bark, rattan, string, wood, bamboo | M | M | |
| Rattan girdle strap *# | ||||
| Bast girdle strap *# | ||||
| String girdle strap * | ||||
| Braided girdle strap *# | ||||
| Buttock covering | Buttock covering | Palm lily leaves | M | M |
| Apron | Apron | Wood, bark, string, cuscus fur, dye plants, screw plant leaves | W | M |
| Bags (5 types) | woman's bag | Fig bark and saplings, String, dye plants, screw pine leaves, bamboo | W | W |
| man's knotted-strap bag | W | M | ||
| man's narrow-strap bag | W | M | ||
| man's wide-strap bag | W | M | ||
| woven cane bag *# | M | M | ||
| Head wear (7 types) | woman's hat-bag | String, dye plants, screw pine leaves, job's tears, bamboo, bark | W | W |
| woman's hood | W | |||
| in-law avoidance hood | W | |||
| woman's net-cap | W | |||
| man's net-cap | M | |||
| fancy net-cap | M | |||
| bark-cloth hat *# | M | |||
| Item | Item type | Raw materials used | Made by | Used by |
| FINERY & SELF DECORATION | ||||
| Wigs (5 types) | Burr wig # | Burrs, human hair, string, rattan, fig bark, pig grease, sword grass leaves, tree fern, bamboo | M | M |
| Trapezoid wig | ||||
| Oval wig | ||||
| Crescent wig # | ||||
| Foliage wig | ||||
| Wig prodder (Plate 72) | Wig prodder * | Tree fern | M | M |
| Feather adornments (14 types) | Single feathers | Birds (feathers), bamboo, wax, bark fibre, palm lily leaves, fern stems, string, rattan, possum tails | M |
M all W occasionally in marriage ceremony |
| Feather pins *# | ||||
| Split feathers # | ||||
| Bird's wings *# | ||||
| Bird's skin *# | ||||
| Cassowary pompom # | ||||
| Feather circlet *# | ||||
| Sprung feathers *# | ||||
| Sprung feather pompom * | ||||
| Kumul bird of paradise headdress *# | ||||
| Enamelled bird of paradise headdress *# | ||||
| Plumed pins *# | ||||
| Possum tail pins *# | ||||
| Feather fringe * | ||||
| Feather forehead plaque *# | ||||
| Miscellaneous head adornments (7 types) | ||||
| Shell forehead plaque | Shells, possum fur, string, bamboo, cuscus tail, cowrie shells, cassowary wing quills | M | M | |
| Leaves in hair | M | |||
| Nassa shell forehead band # | M | |||
| Bead forehead band # | M | |||
| Cane headband *# | M | |||
| Fur headband * | M, W occasionally | |||
| Comb # | M,W | |||
| Ear decorations (4 types) | Knitted ear-ring | Rattan, cassowary wing quills, bamboo, string, shell | M,W | M,W |
| Braided ear-ring *# | M | M | ||
| Shell ear-ring | M | M | ||
| Ear hair-pin *# | M,W occasionally | M,W | ||
| Beard pin | Beard pin *# | Possum teeth | M | M |
| Pierced ear and nose decoration | Pierced ear and nose decoration | Cassowary wing quill, sword grass stem | M,W | M,W |
| Necklaces and pendants (22 types) | Job's tears necklace | Job's tears, nettle vines, tree and fig saplings, cowrie shells, nassa shells, shell discs, arc shells, string, rattan, cassowary quills, tulip bark fibre, bamboo, leaves, screw pine, feathers, bark, resin, hornbill beak, pig's tusk, wax, pig grease | W | W |
| Cowrie shell necklace front mounted # | M,W | M,W | ||
| Cowrie shell necklace side mounted * | M,W | M | ||
| Nassa shell necklace front mounted | Mainly M, W sometimes | Mainly M, W sometimes | ||
| Nassa shell necklace side mounted # | M,W | M,W | ||
| Shell disc necklace # | M,W | M,W, children | ||
| Ark shell necklace | M,W,C | Children,M,W occasionally | ||
| Cassowary quill necklace *# | M | M | ||
| Bead necklace | W | M,W, children | ||
| Pearl shell fragment necklace *# | M,W | M,W | ||
| Pearl shell pendant *# | M | M,W | ||
| Pearl shell fillet | M | M | ||
| Pearl shell wrapper | M | M | ||
| Bark pearl shell wrapper *# | M | M | ||
| Pearl shell replica * | M | M | ||
| Pearl shell mount *# | M | M | ||
| Pearl shell hoop *# | M | M | ||
| Cowrie shell pendant * | M | M,W | ||
| Bailer shell pendant *# | M | M | ||
| Hornbill pendant *# | M | M | ||
| Cylindrical pendant *# | M | M | ||
| Slat pendant # | M | M | ||
| Limb decoration (12 types) | Twisted armband # | Rattan, vine tendrils, fig saplings, cowrie shells, nettle vines, bamboo, tigaso oil, string, screw pine leaves | M | M |
| Entwined armband *# | M | M | ||
| Woman's armband *# | M | W mainly, men sometimes | ||
| Vine tendril armband | M | M | ||
| Huli style armband *# | M | M mainly W sometimes | ||
| Woven armband *# | M | M,W | ||
| Woven wristband *# | M | M | ||
| Knitted wristband # | W | M,W | ||
| Elbow bangle # | M | M | ||
| Miniature bag bangle | M | M | ||
| Woven leg band # | M | M | ||
| Knitted legband # | M | M | ||
| Cosmetics (10 types plus a range of face and body painting decoration designs) # | Cosmetics | Tigaso oil, pig grease, mineral oil, red ochre, screw pine oil, rust stains, arnatto shrub seed cases | M mainly, W occasionally | M mainly, W occasionally |
| Cicatrices and tattoos (14 types) | Cicatrices | Charcoal, ear wax, nettles, sap, string, pith | W | W |
| Tattoos | M,W | M,W | ||
| Ornamental chain | Ornamental chain *# | Rattan | M,W | M,W |
| Baldric | Baldric # | String, cane sliver | M | M |
| Apron adorner | Apron adorner *# | String, pig's tails, ochre, tigaso oil, pig grease | M | M |
| Ornamental stone axe | haft *# | Wood, rattan, fig bast fibre cuscus fur, hoop pine resin | M | M |
| socket *# | ||||
| strands *# | ||||
| Item | Item type | Raw materials used | Made by | Used by |
| MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS | ||||
| Drum (Plate 73) | Drum # | Wood, rattan, possum skin, string, clay, hoop pine resin, wax | M | M |
| Rattle | Rattle *# | Rattan, seed cases | M | M |
| Jew's harp | Jew's harp *# | Bamboo, string, fig bast fibre, wax | M | M |
| Mouth bow | Mouth bow *# | Tree saplings, vine tendrils | M | M |
| Pan pipe | Pan pipe *# | Bamboo, rattan or string | M | M |
| Whistle | Whistle *# | Bamboo | M | M |
© Internet Archaeology/Authors
Last updated: Mon Sep 15 2003