Appendix 6.7

The Incidence of Italian Sigillata in Britain

CATALOGUE

By administrative region and site.

This catalogue lists the occurrence of items from this source recorded by the author in the course of the study. Whilst the distribution of this ware in Britain was not researched exhaustively it is hoped that this detailed list below will be a useful resource.

Interested parties should consider consulting the Roman Pottery Bibliography contained in the Journal of Roman Pottery Studies; an index by fabrics/wares/types in Vol. 6 (1993) lists entries for site reports etc, where Arretine and Italian sigillata items have been recorded (see page 146).

Paul Tyers has mapped a distribution of this ware in Britain. Dr Tyers had recorded 26 sites in Britain with this ware present (as at Feb. 2003).

Essex:

Heybridge, New Cemetery

Kenrick, P.M. 1986. Base of Arrentine platter, in N.P. Wickenden, Prehistoric settlement and the Romano-British 'Small Town' at Heybridge, Essex, Essex Archaeology and History 17, 53.

Site type: Smaller centre.

Found prior to 1912, from "Belgic cremation cemetery":

Gloucestershire:

Middle Duntisbourne

Mudd, A., Williams, R.J. and Lupton, A. 1999. Excavations alongside Roman Ermin Street, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire. The Archaeology of the A419/A417 Swindon to Gloucester Road Scheme, Oxford Archaeological Unit, Oxford.

Dannell, G.B. 1999b. The samian, in A. Mudd, R.J. Williams and A. Lupton, Excavations alongside Roman Ermin Street, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire. The Archaeology of the A419/A417 Swindon to Gloucester Road Scheme, Oxford Archaeological Unit, Oxford, 329.

Site type: LIA/early Roman period (ie. first century AD) enclosure, presumed to be settlement enclosure, near to Ditches and Bagendon.

One item occurs:

Hampshire:

Silchester, pre-1974

Boon, G.C. 1974. Silchester: the Roman Town of Calleva, second edition, Newton Abbot. Bird, J. 2000b.

Summary, in M.G. Fulford and J. Timby, Late Iron Age and Roman Silchester. Excavations on the site of the Forum-Basilica 1977, 1980-86, Britannia Monograph Series 15, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London, 183-7.

Site type: Major civil centre.

Bird states: "Boon (1974, 40 and fig. 6.1-2) recorded some forty vessels of 'Italic Arretine' from the town, mostly plain cups and platters and including some stamps, mainly of the Ateius factory. He noted particularly three stamps, of Sextus Annius, of Mena slave of Avillius, and, on a Loeschcke 7 (Conspectus 14) cup 'of provincial manufacture', of Iucundus" (Bird 2000b, 185-6).

Silchester, Excavations on the Defences 1974-80

Fulford, M.G. 1984. Silchester. Excavations on the Defences 1974-80, Britannia Monograph Series 5, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London.

Bird, J. 1984. The samian, in M.G. Fulford, Silchester. Excavations on the Defences 1974-80, Britannia Monograph Series 5, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London, 129ff.

Three forms present are:

From the 'Rampart Section' trench, 1974, being part of Key Pottery Group 1.1 (Fulford 1984, 128-9); from context 20, a layer overlying context 23:

From Pit 1, context 23:

Silchester, site of Forum-Basilica

Fulford, M.G. and Timby, J. 2000. Late Iron Age and Roman Silchester. Excavations on the site of the Forum-Basilica 1977, 1980-86, Britannia Monograph Series 15, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London.

Bird, J. 2000b. Summary, in M.G. Fulford and J. Timby, Late Iron Age and Roman Silchester. Excavations on the site of the Forum-Basilica 1977, 1980-86, Britannia Monograph Series 15, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London, 183-7.

Bird states that the Italian wares are: "all likely to be products of Arezzo and Pisa" (Bird 2000b, 183). These items: "comprise some sixty-three sherds on a simple sherd count and include pieces of three decorated vessels. One of these [is] assigned to Cn. Ateius Xanthus ... a second may also have links with the Ateius workshops. There are two stamps on plain ware, of Philar/Tetti and L. Titius" (2000b, 184).

Forms present:

(The above three being Conspectus forms 14, 22, and 31).

(The above three being Conspectus forms 12, 18.2, and 19).

"The evidence available would suggest a starting date at or shortly before the end of the first century BC [and] a closing date before c. AD 25. A closely similar group has been recovered from excavations at the Marlowe Car Park sites in Canterbury, where it was associated with Late Iron Age occupation. The Canterbury material has the same fabrics and forms and a similar date has been suggested for it (Bird 1995, 772-3)" (2000b, 185). [Identification JB].

Hertfordshire:

Baldock 1968-72

Stead, I.M. and Rigby, V. 1986. Baldock: The Excavation of a Roman and Pre-Roman Settlement 1968-72, Britannia Monograph Series 7, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London.

Dickinson, B.M. 1986. The samian potters' stamps, in I.M. Stead and V. Rigby, Baldock: The Excavation of a Roman and Pre-Roman Settlement 1968-72, Britannia Monograph Series 7, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London, 202-12.

Site type: Smaller centre / Religious focus?

One item is reported:

Braughing, Wickham Kennels 1982

Partridge, C. 1982. Braughing, Wickham Kennels 1982, Hertfordshire Archaeology 8, 1980-82, 40-59.

Three items are reported:

Gatesbury, excavations by Henderson, 1935

Partridge, C. 1981. Skeleton Green. A Late Iron Age and Romano-British Site, Britannia Monograph Series 2, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London.

A range of vessels attributed to Arrezzo were recovered. This material is published by Partridge (Partridge 1981).

Fitzpatrick has written a note on a missing item, a plate stamped 'LTAR', being the work of L. Tarquitius (Fitzpatrick 1996).

Verulamium, Prae Wood, excavations by Wheeler and Wheeler 1930s

Wheeler, R.E.M. and Wheeler, T.V. 1936. Verulamium: a Belgic and two Roman Cities, Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, Report 11, The Society of Antiquaries, London.

Amongst a very large assemblage of pottery from the south-eastern ditch of Enclosure A at Prae Wood c. 7 vessels of Italic or early Provincial Arretine were recovered. Forms present:

Kent:

Canterbury, Marlowe Carpark

Blockley, K., Blockley, M., Blockley, P., Frere, S.S. and Stow, S. 1995. Excavations in the Marlowe Car Park and Surrounding Areas, Archaeology of Canterbury 5, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, Canterbury.

Bird, J. 1995b. The samian and other imported red-slipped fine wares, in K. Blockley et al. Excavations in the Marlowe Car Park and Surrounding Areas, Archaeology of Canterbury 5, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, 772-97.

A range of forms of Italian or probable Italian origin are reported, including cups and platters, and specific examples of Loeschcke 11 and Drag. 17. [Identification JB].

Suffolk:

Burgh

Martin, E. 1988. Burgh: The Iron Age and Roman Enclosure, East Anglian Archaeology, Report 40, Suffolk County Planning Department, Suffolk County Council.

Dickinson, B.M. and Hartley, B.R. 1988. Samian pottery, in E. Martin, Burgh: The Iron Age and Roman Enclosure, East Anglian Archaeology, Report 40, Suffolk County Planning Department, Suffolk County Council, 30-4.

Site type: Iron Age enclosure with conquest period 'occupation' and subsequent Roman period activity, with a potential villa.

Fragments of Italian sigillata occur, including a Ritt. 5, recovered during the excavations of 1947-57 (Dickinson and Hartley 1988, 32). [Identification BMD and BRH].

West Sussex:

Fishbourne 1961-9

Dannell, G.B. 1971. The samian pottery, in B.W. Cunliffe, Excavations at Fishbourne 1961-1969. Volume 2. The Finds, Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 27, Leeds, 260-316.

The excavations yielded several examples of Italian sigillata, together with other possible and probable Italinate pieces. These are published and discussed by Dannell (1971, 260-4) where full details are presented. The following Italian forms are reported:

Fishbourne 1983

Rudkin, D.J. 1985. Excavations at the Roman Palace, Fishbourne 1983, Sussex Archaeological Collections 123, 256-9.

One item is reported:

Fishbourne

The recent excavations at Fishbourne, to the east of the palace, have produced a collection of pre-Claudian sigillata ware items, a number of which are Italian.