Table 24: Samian as a Percentage within Pottery Groups by Weight (exc. amphora), arranged by Site Type and in Chronological order


Site/ ExcavationDate Range of Group% of Group formed by
Samian,
by Weight
Approx.
Sample Size
Context TypeCounty / District
Military Sites
Colchester, Head St, 2000, Period 2 c AD 44-49

2.6

32.8kg

V Essex
Kingsholm, 1972, Phase 3.1 c AD 49-67

16.6

6.7kg

V Glous.
Exeter, Legionary Baths, Period 1A c AD 60-65

6.2

11.1kg

C, V Devon
Pomeroy Wood, 1997-9, Phase 2 c AD 65-85

3.1

14.2kg

V Devon
Exeter, misc. late Fortress deposits c AD 70-75

8.0

17.4kg

V Devon
Hayton fort, 1975, Area S & part of Area N c AD 70-80

0.4

5.4kg

V E. Yorks
Exeter, Legionary Baths, Period 1B c AD 75

5.0

4.8kg

C, V Devon
Tiverton fort, 1981-6, West Ditch c AD 75-85

13.5

22.1kg

D Devon
Carlisle, Castle St, 1981-2, Period 3 (A and B) (i)c AD 77/85-92/93

17.0

10.6kg

VS, C, L Cumbria
Carlisle, Tullie House, 1990 c AD 84

20.1

9.1kg

D Cumbria
Carlisle, Castle St, 1981-2, Period 4 (A, B and C) (i) c AD 92/93-105

21.4

17.9kg

VS, P, L Cumbria
Carlisle, Castle St, 1981-2, Period 5 (i) c AD 105

12.3

14.1kg

MM Cumbria
Carlisle, Castle St, 1981-2, Period 6A (i) c AD 105-135/155

8.2

16.8kg

VS, C Cumbria
Birdoswald fort, the Spur, the Vallum fills, Phase 1 c AD 125/130-150/160

11.4

5.5kg

D Cumbria
Birdoswald fort, site 585, 1997-8, Phases 1-6b/7 c AD 125/130-300/350

19.0

8.0kg

VS Cumbria
Birdoswald fort, the Spur, middle & outer fort ditch fills, Phase 3 c AD 160/170-290

6.6

6.0kg

D Cumbria
Extra Mural Occupation at Military Sites
Carlisle, Blackfriars St, 1977-9, Building 1 Period 3 c AD 85/95-105/115

9.2

10.8kg

VS, C, L Cumbria
Carlisle, Blackfriars St, 1977-9, Building 2 Period 3 c AD 85/95-105/115

9.3

9.0kg

VS, C, L Cumbria
Carlisle, Blackfriars St, 1977-9, Building 2 Period 8 b-j c AD 150/175-200/220

8.9

26.2kg

VS, C, L Cumbria
Greta Bridge, East & West Vicus, 1972-4 c AD 160/170-280/320

11.5

85.9kg

VS Durham
Brancaster, West Vicus, 1977 (ii) c AD 170-300

5.1

225.4kg

MD, VS Norfolk
Brancaster, West Vicus, Phase 2, 1974 (ii) c AD 200/250-350/400

5.0

15.8kg

MD, VS Norfolk
Major Civil Sites
Silchester, Forum-Basilica site, Period 2 c 15 BC-AD 40/50

0.07

122.0kg

D, W, VS Hampshire
Silchester, Forum-Basilica site, Period 3 c AD 40-50/60

0.6

427.1kg

P, VS Hampshire
(London) Southwark, DH Scheme, Area A, gravel pits c AD 45-80

11.0

1.3kg

Q Middx
Colchester, Head St, 2000, Period 3 c AD 49-60/61

5.7

14.5kg

VS Essex
London, 18 Birchin Lane, 1983 c AD 50-60

13.6

3.3kg

VS Middx
London, 5-12 Fenchurch St, 1983, Phases 1-2 c AD 50-60

7.0

16.8kg

VS Middx
London, 25-6 Lime St, 1983, Phases 1-2 c AD 50-60

4.7

4.9kg

VS Middx
London, 76-80 Newgate St, Periods 1-3 c AD 50-60

2.1

26.4kg

VS Middx
London, Sugar Loaf Court, 1982, Phases 1-2 c AD 50-60

4.9

11.6kg

VS Middx
London, Leadenhall Court, Period 2 c AD 65-80

10.2

39.2kg

VS Middx
(London) Southwark, 199 Borough High St, early ditches, etc c AD 70-85/90

9.7

13.5kg

MD, L, P, W Middx
Leicester, Causeway Lane, 1980/1991, Phase 1 c AD 70-100

2.4

14.0kg

P, VS Leics.
Leicester, St Nicholas Street, 1965, (653.1965) Phase 4A c AD 70-120

11.5

7.8kg

O, P Leics.
Dorchester, County Hall, 1988, Period 2 c AD 70-150

2.8

c. 42.5kg

D, P, R, VS Dorset
Leicester, Causeway Lane, 1980/1991, Phase 2 c AD 70-150

4.5

153.7kg

VS Leics.
Colchester, Head St, 2000, Period 5 c AD 70-170

9.3

95.5kg

VS Essex
Leicester, Cumberland St, 1997, Phase 1 c AD 70/75-120

8.8

0.7kg

P, VS/VI Leics.
Exeter, Lower Combe St, 1990, Ditches 1 and 2 c AD 75-80

6.9

42.8kg

D Devon
(London) Southwark, 64-70 Borough High Street c AD 75-150

13.6

8.1kg

ST Middx
Exeter, Forum-Basilica, Period 2A c AD 80

3.9

42.9kg

C Devon
London, Leadenhall Court, Period 3 c AD 80-85

7.5

82.5kg

VS Middx
Exeter, primary fill of Fortress ditch, 1975 c AD 80-90

8.0

14.3kg

D Devon
London, Leadenhall Court, Period 4/5 c AD 85-100

8.1

67.6kg

VS Middx
(London) Southwark, 199 Borough High St, building, etc c AD 90-100

3.2

20.8kg

F, LD Middx
(London) Southwark, 199 Borough High St, conduit, etc c AD 90/100-130/150

7.0

26.0kg

D, LD, P Middx
(London) Southwark, 88 Borough High St, building & pits c AD 100-160/175

10.6

2.2kg

P, PH, S, VS Middx
Leicester, St Nicholas Circle, 1971 & 1973, (south range of Forum), Pollard's 'Group 1' (iii) c AD 120-140

11.5

51.0kg

VS Leics.
Leicester, St Nicholas Street 1965, (653.1965) Phase 7C c AD 120-140/150

7.1

4.6kg

MU Leics.
Leicester, St Nicholas Circle 1969, (163.1969) Phase 4 c AD 120-150

7.3

16.0kg

R Leics.
Leicester, St Nicholas Circle 1969, (164.1969) 'Temple' (iv) c AD 120-150

2.5

6.7kg

VS Leics.
Leicester, Causeway Lane, 1980/1991, Phase 3 c AD 125-235

7.1

186.0kg

VS Leics.
Exeter, Friernhay St, Phase A c AD 130-155/160

13.3

6.2kg

D Devon
Exeter, Friernhay St, Phases B & C c AD 150-180

9.3

15.5kg

D Devon
Carlisle, Castle St, 1981-2, Period 8A (i) c AD 165-190

14.1

8.9kg

VS, C, PH Cumbria
Carlisle, Castle St, 1981-2, Period 8B (i) c AD 180-200

18.1

24.7kg

L Cumbria
Carlisle, Castle St, 1981-2, Period 9 (i) c AD 190-250

23.2

49.5kg

VS, C, MU Cumbria
Leicester, Causeway Lane, 1980/1991, Phase 4 c AD 200-250

6.8

24.9kg

P Leics.
Small Towns, Roadside Settlements, Smaller Nucleated Centres, etc. See also Table 26
Heybridge, Elms Farm, Ceramic Phase 4, Key Groups c AD 55-80

1.1

29.6kg

D, P Essex
Coggeshall, St Peter's School, 1984, Phase 4.1 c AD 65-150

0.02

16.1kg

D, G Essex
Kelvedon, Star & Fleece Hotel, Quarry F1042 c AD 70-135/150

1.2

31.6kg

Q Essex
Wantage, Denchworth Road, 1996 & 1998, Period 1 c AD 70-150

1.3

3.1kg

D, P, PG, R Oxfordshire
Wantage, Mill St, 1993-4, Phase 1 c AD 70-160

2.2

8.4kg

D Oxfordshire
Neatham, 1969-79, Structure 3 c AD 75-100

0.1

9.7kg

PH, S Hampshire
Heybridge, Elms Farm, Ceramic Phase 5, Key Groups c AD 80-125

2.0

19.8kg

P Essex
Alchester, A41 Dualling, 1991, Period 4 c AD 80-140

0.9

7.2kg

D, VS Oxfordshire
Shepton Mallet, Fosse Lane, 1990, Period 1 c AD 80-150

0.9

5.4kg

VS Somerset
Pomeroy Wood, 1997-9, Phase 4i c AD 90/100-260

2.9

47.4kg

VS Devon
Neatham, 1969-79, Well 7 c AD 125-150

2.4

11.5kg

W Hampshire
Heybridge, Elms Farm, Ceramic Phase 6, Key Groups c AD 125-170

1.6

46.1kg

D, P Essex
Alchester, A41 Dualling, 1991, Period 5 c AD 140-180/190

1.1

57.7kg

D, VS Oxfordshire
Coggeshall, The Lawns, 1989-93, Phase 4.2 c AD 140-200

6.4

1.6kg

MU, PH, S Essex
Neatham, 1969-79, Pit 11 c AD 150-175

4.5

3.2kg

P Hampshire
Shepton Mallet, Fosse Lane, 1990, Period 2, Building X c AD 150-200

9.4

1.6kg

VS Somerset
Shepton Mallet, Fosse Lane, 1990, Period 2, Building VII c AD 150-200/220

2.5

19.0kg

VS Somerset
Meole Brace, 1989-90, Phase 2 c AD 150-210/220

13.5

6.0kg

VS Shropshire
Braintree, College Road, Well 102 & Ditch 307 c AD 150-250

5.8

4.4kg

W, D Essex
Heybridge, Elms Farm, Ceramic Phase 7, Pool Groups c AD 170-210

2.8

9.8kg

P Essex
Neatham, 1969-79, Pits 8 & 20 c AD 175-200

0.4

8.3kg

P Hampshire
Neatham, 1969-79, Well 4 c AD 175-225

0.6

10.2kg

W Hampshire
Neatham, 1969-79, Ditch 2 c AD 175-235

1.2

20.0kg

D Hampshire
Heybridge, Elms Farm, Well 6280 fill 16083 c AD 180-210

15.5

4.9kg

W Essex
Alchester, A41 Dualling, 1991, Period 6 c AD 180/190-240/250

3.6

93.8kg

D, PH, VS Oxfordshire
Great Dunmow, Chequers Lane, 1970-2, Gravel Pit 857 c AD 190-230/240

1.1

21.8kg

P Essex
Neatham, 1969-79, Pits 5 & 17 c AD 200-250

0.3

10.2kg

P Hampshire
Heybridge, Elms Farm, Ceramic Phase 8, Key Groups c AD 210-260

2.8

12.4kg

P Essex
Meole Brace, 1989-90, Phase 3 c AD 210/220-230

7.5

15.4kg

SL Shropshire
Alchester, A41 Dualling, 1991, Period 7 c AD 240/250-300/320

2.4

82.3kg

D, P, VS Oxfordshire
Shepton Mallet, Fosse Lane, 1990, Period 3, Building IX (v) c AD 250-310

13.6

12.1kg

VS Somerset
Religious / Ritual Sites
Chelmsford, NE Sector, Site K, Ditch 205 c AD 60-75/85

0.4

25.8kg

E Essex
Uley, West Hill, 1977-9, Phase 3 c AD 70-110

2.0

72.8kg

V Glous.
Chanctonbury Ring, Area A, Feature 3 c AD 100-200

0.9

0.6kg

L W. Sussex
Chanctonbury Ring, Area B, Feature 111 c AD 100-200

0.6

1.6kg

SD W. Sussex
Chelmsford, NE Sector, Site K, Pit K90.2 c AD 125/130-160/175

3.0

23.5kg

P Essex
Chanctonbury Ring, Area D, Layer 3 c AD 140-200

3.1

1.3kg

E W. Sussex
Industrial Sites
Droitwich, Upwich, 1983-4, Phase 2 c AD 125-195

3.6

6.6kg

VI Worcs.
Rural Sites
Thorpe Thewles, Phase 3 c AD 1-90

1.5

1.1kg

D, PG Stockton
Worth Matravers, Compact Farm, Quarry Field, Phase 2c-e c AD 1-150

0.04

67.1kg

C, LD, MM, VS Dorset
Scotch Corner, 1995 c AD 25-75

0.6

1.6kg

VS N. Yorks
Great Dunmow, Buildings Farm, Phase 3 c AD 35-100

0.6

12.2kg

D Essex
Duntisbourne Grove, Ditch Group, Ditch 9 c AD 35/40-60

0.06

3.5kg

D Glous.
Middle Duntisbourne, Ditch Group, Ditch 4 c AD 35/40-60/65

0.06

6.8kg

D Glous.
Duntisbourne Grove, Ditch Group, Ditch 8 c AD 35/40-70

0.7

2.4kg

D Glous.
Duntisbourne Grove, Ditch Group, Ditch 114 c AD 35/40-70

0.3

0.6kg

D Glous.
Watchfield, 1998, Area 10, Phase 5a c AD 40-90/100

0.04

7.0kg

MD Oxfordshire
Dragonby, Ditch Feature 1682 c AD 40-100

0.4

7.8kg

D N. Lincs
Weeting, Fengate Farm, make-up within building c AD 40-300/325

2.5

2.4kg

MU Norfolk
Ructstalls Hill, 1972-5, Period 2 B c AD 45-70

> 1.8

DNA

MD Hampshire
Oakridge, 1965-6, Phase 2C c AD 50-100

0.2

21.6kg

MD Hampshire
Chells, Boxfield Farm, Ceramic Period 1 c AD 55/60-75/80

0.7

8.9kg

VS Herts
Nursling, Dairy Lane, Phases 1-3 c AD 60-130

1.1

29.9kg

E, P, PH Hampshire
Tort Hill West, Period 3A c AD 65-200

1.3

22.8kg

D Cambs.
Ructstalls Hill, 1972-5, Period 2 C c AD 70-120

> 0.5

DNA

MD Hampshire
Chells, Boxfield Farm, Ceramic Period 2 c AD 80-120/130

2.1

16.9kg

VS Herts
Haddon, Haddon Lodge, 1999, Phase 3 c AD 80/120-150/170

0.7

16.9kg

VS Cambs.
Watchfield, 1998, Area 10, Phase 5b c AD 90/100-130/140

0.2

16.1kg

MD Oxfordshire
Kingscote, Site 2, Quarry 3, Layer 299 c AD 100-150

1.0

5.9kg

Q Glous.
Normanton-Le-Heath, Phase 7 c AD 100-150

0.5

4.8kg

E, PS Leics.
South Malling, Ranscombe Hill, Ditch 5 c AD 100-150

1.6

1.5kg

D E. Sussex
Thorpe Thewles, Phase 4 c AD 100-150

8.8

1.7kg

E Stockton
Salford Priors, 1993, Area C1, Phase 2 c AD 100-160

0.4

4.6kg

MD Warwicks
Watchfield, 1998, Area 7, Phase 5 c AD 100-200/235

1.9

8.1kg

MD, CF Oxfordshire
Church Langley, Old House, Ceramic Phase 3 c AD 120-165

1.2

11.6kg

D, G, P Essex
South Malling, Ranscombe Hill, Ditch 6 c AD 130-170

0.2

2.5kg

D E. Sussex
Chells, Boxfield Farm, Ceramic Period 3, Well CAB, Middle Layers 6-13 c AD 150-180/190

11.0

22.9kg

W Herts
Oakridge, 1965-6, Phase 3A (excluding well) c AD 160-200

1.1

2.5kg

MD, P Hampshire
Salford Priors, 1993, Area C1, Phase 3 A-C c AD 160-240

1.7

4.9kg

D, E, PH Warwicks
Strensham, Phase 3 c AD 160-240

0.2

6.7kg

D, G, PH Worcs.
Tort Hill East, Period 2A c AD 170-230

0.9

12.9kg

DG Cambs.
Haddon, Haddon Lodge, 1999, Phase 4 c AD 170-270

0.4

27.4kg

VS Cambs.
Birdlip Quarry, Phase 2A, Structure 1463, Gully 1450 c AD 180-200

5.7

1.0kg

PG Glous.
Chells, Boxfield Farm, Ceramic Period 4 c AD 200-260/275

1.1

12.2kg

VS Herts
Birdlip Quarry, Phase 2B, Structure 1464, Gully 1451 (vi) c AD 220-250

2.6

1.6kg

PG Glous.
Salford Priors, 1993, Area C1, Phase 4 (vi) c AD 240-350

1.4

9.5kg

MD Warwicks
Crookhorn, 1974-5, Site A (Aisled Building) c AD 240/260-325/340

1.7

9.3kg

E, L, O, P, PH Hampshire
Other
Buchlyvie, Fairy Knowe Broch, Post-Phase 1 c AD 75-100/135

41.1

0.6kg

VS, LD Stirlingshire

Number of Groups forming the Sample:

Total 137

Key to Context Type abbreviations:
C, constructional contexts; D, ditch fill contexts; DG, mainly ditches and gullies; E, enclosure ditch fill contexts; F, floors; G, gully/ies; L, layer; LD, levelling and/or demolition; MD, mainly ditch fill contexts; MM, midden or midden like deposit; MU, make-up layers; O, oven; P, pit/s; PG, penannular gully fills; PH, post holes, including post holes relating to buildings/structures; Q, fill of quarry pit/s; R, road surfaces and silts; S, slot/s; SD, fill of shallow depression; SL, silt layer/s; ST, fill/s of stream channel; V, various; VI, various industrial; VS, various settlement deposits; W, well/wells.

For references see Table 25


Notes:
DNA (under Sample Size) denotes that Data was Not Available.

i. Identifiably residual sherds (that is items belonging to a vessel first represented in an earlier period) were excluded from the calculations relating to these groups by the reporter (Taylor 1991, 369).

ii. The sequences and pottery from the 1974 and 1977 excavations could not be reliably divided into anything other than temporally broad phases. The figures here are those for each of the areas as a whole, though in the case of the 1974 area only data for the 'second phase' of activity in the Roman period is available. There is evidently a very modest amount of fourth century pottery amongst the sample from 1977 but the excavator notes (Hinchliffe with Sparey Green 1985, 181) that occupation had essentially ceased in this vicinity from c. AD 300. There is proportionally more fourth century pottery amongst the 1974 sample, relating to some activity in this vicinity (west of the 1977 area) at this time, though the assemblage as a whole is mainly of earlier date. The majority of the samian from the 1974 area was East Gaulish; c. 38% of the samian recovered from the 1977 area was East Gaulish. The percentage levels of samian amongst the two samples documented above are comparatively high despite the fact that the date-range of the groups extends into the period when samian was becoming a much rarer import to Britain.

iii. See Pollard 1994, Table 8 Part II.

iv. See Pollard 1994, Table 8 Part II.

v. A late group with an apparently high residual content of samian, included here for comparative purposes.

vi. May include a re-deposited element.

For further notes on some of the groups appearing in the table see the notes accompanying Table 23.

For figures including amphorae see Table 26.