Figure 9: Panorama of the urban landscape within Sultan Kala today: a view taken from just south of the Kushmeikhan Gate (see Figure 68 for location). While the defensive walls of the city survive as recognisable features, as do the mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar (the large brick monument) and the Great Kyz Kala (seen away in the distance), the interior of the city is otherwise a mass of low mounds and patchy vegetation. On the ground it is difficult for even the specialist to understand this or detect any clear patterns. From the air, it is a different picture (see Figure 14).

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