Table 5: Cases of palynological sterility with caves (C), and rockshelters (R)
Layers associated with sterile samples include hearths (hrt), carbonate crusts and breccias (bc), cave travertines (tr), carbonate speleothems (tr), gypsum speleothems (gsp), and signs of bioturbation (bt) such as burrowing and rootlets
| Site Number | Site | Coordinates Altitude m asl | Site | Age/Industry | Sterility | Reference | Analyst | Lab Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 54 | A Valiña (Orense) | 43° 2' 27" N 7° 19' 4" W 550 | C | Middle-Upper Palaeolithic | Partial | Fernández-Rodríguez et al. 1995 | PRR | - |
| 55 | Altamira (Cantabria) | 43° 22' 57" N 4° 06' 58" W 75 | C | Magdalenian | Partial | Lasheras and de las Heras 1997 | MD JC | 1997 |
| 56 | Amalda (Guipúzcoa) | 43° 14' 6" N 2° 13' 37" W 220 | C | Mousterian Solutrean Chalcolithic | Partial | Altuna et al. 1990 | MD | 1984 |
| 57 | Atapuerca Sima Huesos (Burgos) | 42° 21' 6" N 3° 31' 12" W 994 | C | Middle Pleistocene | Partial | García-Antón 1987 | MGA | 1984-7 |
| 58 | Atapuerca Galería (Burgos) | 42° 21' 5" N 3° 31' 11" W 999 | C | Middle Pleistocene | Partial | García-Antón et al. 1990; García-Antón and Sainz-Ollero 1991 | MGA | 1984-7 |
| 59 | Atapuerca Gran Dolina (Burgos) | 42° 21' 6" N 3° 31' 12" W 994 | C | Lower-Middle Pleistocene | Partial | García-Antón 1995; Cattani et al. 1994 | MGA | 1984-7 |
| Burjachs 2001 | FB | |||||||
| 60 | Atapuerca Tres Simas (Burgos) | 42° 21' 5" N 3° 31' 11" W 999 | C | Middle Pleistocene | Total | García-Antón 1989 | MGA | 1984-7 |
| 61 | Berroberría (Navarra) | 43°16'43.05" N 1°31'34.64" W 160 | C | Magdalenian-Neolithic | Partial | Boyer-Klein 1988 | BK | - |
| 62 | Bolomor (Valencia) | 39° 4' 48" N 0° 16' 59" W 22 | C (bc, bt) | Mousterian 525-121 ka | Total | Fernández-Peris 2004 | MD | 1994-5 |
| 63 | Bolumini (Alicante) | 38° 50' 13" N 0° 00' 50" W 170 | C | Neolithic | Partial | Sanchís 1992 | AKS | 1990 |
| 64 | Calaveres (Alicante) | 38° 47' 37" N 0° 1' 43.56" W 180 | C (bc) | Mousterian | Partial | Vives 1982 | MD | 1982 |
| 65 | Carihuela (Granada) | 37° 26' 22" N 3° 26' 13" W 1078 | C | Last 120 ka | Partial | Carrión 1992b | JC | 1988-1999 |
| 66 | Cau del Duc d'Ullà (Girona) | 42° 3' 51" N 3° 7' 39" E 135 | C (bc) | Pleistocene | Total | Guilbaud et al. 1993 | FB | 1978 |
| 67 | Cendres (Alicante) | 38° 41' 10" N 0° 9' 9" E 35 | C (bc) | 24-6 ka | Partial | Villaverde 2001 | MD | 1992 |
| 68 | Cova 120 (Girona) | 42° 16' 30" N 2° 36' 42" E 460 | C | Middle Palaeolithic | Partial | Burjachs 1988a | FB | 1983 |
| 69 | Cova Beneito (Alicante) | 38° 48' 7" N 0° 28' 26" W 650 | C | Mousterian-Upper Paleolithic >38-<16 ka | Partial | Carrión 1992a | JC | 1989-1996 |
| 70 | Cova d'En Pardo (Alicante) | 38° 44' 04" N 0° 26' 10" W 500 | C | Neolithic/Bronze | Partial | Dupré et al. 1999; González-Sampériz 1999 | MD PGS | 1997 |
| 71 | Cova Fosca (Castellón) | 40° 27' 25" N 0° 8' 0" W 1150 | C (bt) | Meso-Neolithic | Total | Yll 1988 | IP | 1980 |
| Cebrià et al. 1988 | RY | |||||||
| 72 | Cova Matutano (Castellón) | 40° 6' 46" N 0° 3' 11" W 324 | C | Magdalenian 13960-11410 BP | Total | Yll 1983; Burjachs 1999 | FB | 1980-86 |
| Partial | Yll et al. 2008d | RY-FB-IE | 2007 | |||||
| 73 | Cova Negra (Alicante) | 38° 39' 8" N 0° 44' 21" W 911 | C (hrt, bc, bt) | Mousterian c. 117-50 ka | Total | Fumanal 1986 | MD | 1985 |
| 74 | Cueva del Calor (Murcia) | 38° 5' 18 "N 1° 48' 27" W 670 | C (bt) | Meso-Neolithic | Partial | López-García 1988 | PLG | 1986 |
| 75 | Cova de l'Or (Alicante) | 38° 49' 34 "N 0° 23' 04" W 400 | C | Neolithic | Partial | Dupré et al. 1983 | MD | 1980 |
| 76 | Cueva Tomás (Granada) | 37° 44' 19" N 2° 26' 5" W 970 | C | Lower Pleistocene | Total | Agusti & Julià 1990 | SL | Late 1980s |
| 77 | Chaves (Huesca) | 42° 12' 48" N 0° 8' 30" W 663 | C | Upper Palaeolithic- Bronze Age | Partial | Castán & Baldellou 1985 | PGS | 1998 |
| 78 | Ekain (Guipúzcoa) | 43° 14' 18 "N 2° 16' 09" W 90 | C | Magdalenian/Azilian | Partial | Altuna & Merino 1984 | MD | 1988 |
| 79 | El Ángel (Córdoba) | 37° 24' 31" N 4° 29' 8" W 500 | C | Mid-Upper Pleistocene | Total | Botella et al. 2006 | JC | 2004 |
| 80 | El Arca (Cádiz) | 36° 45' 30" N 5° 21' 57" W 850 | C | - | Total | Acosta 1968 | JLS | 1998 |
| 81 | El Castillo (Cantabria) | 43° 17' 55" N 3° 57' 43" W 75 | C | Last 120 ka | Total | Bernaldo de Quirós & Cabrera 2000 | JLS | 1983 |
| 82 | El Moro de Olvena (Huesca) | 42° 6' 48" N 0° 17' 25" E 380 | C | Holocene | Total | Alday 1995; Cuchí & Sancho 1995 | PGS | 1988 |
| 83 | El Pendo (Cantabria) | 43° 24' 17" N 3° 54' 2" W 51 | C | Lateglacial-Boreal | Partial | Leroi-Gourhan 1980 | ALG | - |
| 84 | Erralla (Guipúzcoa) | 43° 11' 51 "N 2° 13' 36 W 500 | C | Paleolithic | Partial | Altuna et al. 1985 | BK | 1980s |
| 85 | La Blanca (Murcia) | 38° 9' 27" N 1° 21' 36" W 300 | C (sp) | Pleistocene | Total | - | JC | 1999 |
| 86 | Labeko (Guipuzcoa) | 43° 3' 36" N 2° 29' 25" W 260 | C | Aurignacian-Chatelperronian | Partial | Sánchez-Goñi 1991 | MFSG | - |
| 87 | Les Malladetes (Valencia) | 39° 00' 51" N 0° 17' 41" W 5000 | C | Upper Palaeolithic | Partial | Fortea & Jordá 1976 | MD | 1988 |
| 88 | Lezetxiki (Guipuzcoa) | 43° 4' 51" N 2° 31' 49" W 350 | C | Mousterian-Bronze | Partial | Sánchez-Goñi 1991 | MFSG | - |
| 89 | Los Azules (Asturias) | 43° 20' 55" N 5° 7' 37" W 200 | C | Azilian 11000-9430 BP | Partial | López-García 1981 | PLG | 1980 |
| 90 | Mazaculos (Asturias) | 43° 23' 22" N 4° 34' 55" W 70 | C | 9290 BP | Partial | López-García 1986 | PLG | 1983 |
| Preboreal-Boreal | Partial | López-García 1986 | JLS | 1983 | ||||
| Preboreal-Boreal | Total | González-Morales et al. 1980 | KV | - | ||||
| 91 | Nacimiento (Jaén) | 38° 6' 18" N 2° 41' 36" W 1600 | C (bt) | Neolithic | Partial | Asquerino & López-García 1981 | PLG | 1980 |
| 92 | Nerja (Málaga) | 36° 45' 42" N 3° 52' 6" W 110 | C (bc, hrt) | Upper Pleistocene-Holocene | Total | Arribas et al. 2004a | MD | 1986 |
| 93 | Palomas chasm (Murcia) | 37° 47' 54" N 0° 53' 53" E 60 | C (bc) | 130-120 ka | Total | Carrión et al. 2003b | MD-JC | 2001 |
| 94 | Pouàs (Ibiza) | 39° 0' 9" N 1° 35' 13" E 5 | C | c. 100 ka | Partial | Guerrero & Gornés 2000 | MGA | 1992 |
| 95 | Rascaño (Cantabria | ) 43° 17' 42" N 3° 42' 10" W 200 | C | Azilian 10558-10486 BP | Partial | Boyer-Klein 1981 | BK | - |
| 96 | Sorbas (Almería) | 37° 6' 18" N 2° 4' 38" W 330 | C (gsp) | Pleistocene | Total | Calaforra & Pulido-Bosch 2003 | JC | 1999 |
| 97 | Tossal de la Font (Castelló) | 40° 06' 25.14" N 0° 03' 17" W 361 | C | Pleistocene | Total | Olària et al. 2007 | FB-IE | 2003 |
| 98 | Valdegoba (Burgos) | 42° 31' 18" N 3° 46' 16" W 890 | C | Mousterian | Total | Díez et al. 1989 | MGA | 1989 |
| 99 | Zatoya (Navarra) | 42° 54' 2" N 1° 12' 16" W 1000 | C | Epipalaeolithic 8260 BP | Partial | Boyer-Klein 1989 | BK | - |
| 100 | Abric Agut (Barcelona) | 41° 31' 50" N 1° 41' 24" E 305 | R (tr) | Upper Pleistocene-Holocene | Partial | Vaquero 2001 | FB | 1998-9 |
| 101 | Abric del Filador (Tarragona) | 41° 17' 24" N 0° 45' 17" E 437 | R | Upper Pleistocene-Holocene | Total | García-Argüelles et al. 2005 | AE-IP | 1983 |
| 102 | Abric Romaní (Barcelona) | 41° 31' 57" N 1° 41' 18" E 314 | R (tr) | Upper Pleistocene | Partial | Burjachs & Julià 1994 | FB | 1998-2004 |
| 103 | Abrigo de Ángel (Teruel) | 40° 44' 31" N 0° 23' 59" W 700 m | R | Holocene | Total | Sebastián & Zozaya 1991 | PGS | 1997 |
| 104 | Abrigo Alejandre (Soria) | 41° 20' 30" N 1° 58' 18" W 960 | R (bc, bt) | Pleistocene | Total | Utrilla et al. 2000 | PGS | 2000 |
| 105 | Bauma dels Pinyons (Barcelona) | 41° 31' 56" N 1° 41' 20" E 310 | R (tr) | Upper Pleistocene-Holocene | Partial | Vaquero 2006 | FB | 1998-9 |
| 106 | Costa d`En Manel (Barcelona) | 41° 32' 2" N 1° 41' 25" E 330 | R (tr) | Upper Pleistocene-Holocene | Partial | - | FB | 2002 |
| 107 | Cueva Antón (Murcia) | 38° 4' 0" N 1° 29' 33" W 370 | R | Mid-Upper Palaeolithic | Total | Martínez-Sánchez 1992 | JC | 1995 |
| 108 | El Salt (Alicante) | 38° 40' 13" N 0° 21' 52" W 891 | R (tr) | Mousterian 60-40 ka | Total | Fumanal 1986 | MD | 1988 |
| 109 | Entrefoces (Oviedo) | 43° 3' 36" N 2° 29' 25" W 260 | R | Paleolithic | Total | González Morales 1990 | MD | 1980s |
| 110 | Forcas I Forcas II (Huesca) | 42° 11' 33" N 0° 20' 20" E 550 | R | 11300-9500 BP | Total | Utrilla & Mazo 2008 | PGS | 1998 |
| R (bt) | >8600 BP | |||||||
| 111 | La Cativera (Tarragona) | 41° 11' 14" N 0° 20' 6" E 82 | R | Meso-Neolithic | Partial | Allué & Renault-Miskovsky 1999 | EA | 1988 |
| 112 | La Font Voltada (Tarragona) | 41° 27' 41" N 1° 17' 58" E 603 | R | Upper Pleistocene | Partial | Burjachs & Pérez-Obiol 1989 | FB-RPO | 1988 |
| 113 | La Higuera (Murcia) | 37° 34' 59" N 1° 12' 56" W 50 | R (bt) | Mesolithic | Total | Martínez-Andreu & Sánchez 2006 | JC | 1989 |
| 114 | La Viña (Oviedo) | 43° 18' 45" N 5° 49' 41" W 220 | R | Paleolithic | Total | Fortea 1990 | MD | 1980s |
| 115 | Legunova (Zaragoza) | 42° 21' 21" N 0° 56' 45" W 700 | R | Azilian Meso-Neolithic | Partial | Montes 2005 | PGS | 2004 |
| 116 | Levante (Cádiz) | 36° 27' 42" N 5° 55' 42" W 260 | R | Upper Pleistocene | Total | Mas et al. 1998 | JLS | - |
| 117 | Los Aviones (Murcia) | 37° 35' 12" N 0° 59' 13" W 20 | R (bc, bt) | Middle Palaeolithic | Total | Montes 1987 | JC | 1987 |
| 118 | Los Baños (Teruel) | 41° 2' 5" N 0° 35' 32" W 515 | R | <7840 BP | Partial | González-Sampériz 2004b | PGS | 2002 |
| 119 | Molino del Vadico (Albacete) | 38° 10' 51" N 2° 26' 58" W 980 | R (bt, hrt) | Last 12 ka | Total | Vega-Toscano 1993 | JC | 1990 |
| 120 | Paco Pons (Zaragoza) | 42° 21' 21" N 0° 56' 45" W 1040 | R | Meso-Neolithic | Total | Montes & Domingo 2001 | PGS | 2000 |
| 121 | Peña 14 (Zaragoza) | 42° 21' 21" N 0° 56' 45" W 760 | R | Neolithic | Partial | González-Sampériz et al. 2005 | PGS | 2000-1 |
| 122 | Peña del Diablo (Zaragoza) | 41° 20' 28" N 1° 58' 14" W 700 | R | >11080 BP | Partial | Utrilla et al. 2000 | PGS | 1998 |
| 123 | Ratlla del Bubo (Alicante) | 38° 16' 48" N 0° 48' 17" W 200 | R (hrt) | Upper Palaeolithic | Total | Badal et al. 1990 | MD | 1991 |
| 124 | Tossal de la Roca (Alicante) | 38° 47' 18" N 0° 15' 11" W 650 | R | Lateglacial-Boreal | Partial | Cacho et al. 1995 | PLG | 1995 |
| 125 | Vergara (Soria) | 41° 20' 28" N 1° 58' 14" W 860 | R | Pleistocene-Holocene | Partial | Utrilla et al. 2000 | PGS | 1998 |