Internet Archaeol. 42. Conneller et al. Table 1

Table 1: Radiocarbon and stable isotopic measurements from samples securely associated with the lithic types considered in this study
Site	Laboratory number	Material and context	Radiocarbon age (BP)	δ¹³C (‰)	Modelling approach	Reference
Long Blade
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	CAR-1016	Bulk peat (probably containing aquatics) from around horse astragalus (Finds no. 2711) from test pit AE excavated in 1986.	9850±80	−27.2	TPQ, aquatics	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	Q-66	Organic mud containing scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification. Too old in comparison with dates for the fauna it contains. Probably contains aquatics.	10413±210		TPQ, aquatics	Godwin and Willis 1959, 66
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	OxA-X-2395-14	Equus sp. left astragalus (XB23) from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification.	10155±55	−24.6	Fully modelled	Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	OxA-6328	Replicate of OxA-X-2395-14	10150±90	−20.2	Fully modelled	Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	OxA-6319	Equus sp. 1st phalanx from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification.	10150±80	−20.8	Fully modelled	Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	OxA-6318	Equus sp. 1st phalanx from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification.	10090±90	−20.8	Fully modelled	Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	OxA-6329	Equus sp. bone from scatter of horse bones with evidence for human modification.	9160±80	−20.3	Omitted, inaccurate result	Marom et al. 2013
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	OxA-27207	Waterlogged willow twig from peat [1010] containing horse remains.	9975±45	−27.4	Fully modelled	Milner and Taylor forthcoming
Flixton II, North Yorkshire	OxA-x-2495-12	Waterlogged willow twig from peat overlying sand and gravel lens that seals archaeological deposits.	9480±90	−26.7	TAQ, constraint	Milner and Taylor forthcoming
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex	OxA-1788	Equus sp., molar 83390 from scatter A. F.309. Long blade lithic scatter.	10270±100	−21.0	Fully modelled	Lewis and Rackham 2011
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex	OxA-1902	Equus sp., tooth 83387 from scatter A, F312. Long blade lithic scatter.	10010±120	−21.0	Fully modelled	Lewis and Rackham 2011
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex	OxA-18702	Replicate of OxA-1902.	10060±45	−21.5	Fully modelled	Lewis and Rackham 2011
Star Carr
Broxbourne 104, Hertfordshire	Q-3033	Bulked sample of bovid and cervid bone (not examined for cut marks), associated with flint scatter.	9350±120		Fully modelled	Jacobi nd
Daylight Rock, Glamorgan	OxA-2245	Charred hazelnut shell fragments in fissure filled with red clay and associated with abundant lithic artefacts on headland above cave.	9040±90	−22.2	Fully modelled	David 2007
Daylight Rock, Glamorgan	OxA-2246	Charred hazelnut shell fragments in fissure filled with red clay and associated with abundant lithic artefacts on headland above cave.	9030±80	−25.0	Fully modelled	David 2007
Daylight Rock, Glamorgan	OxA-2247	Charred hazelnut shell fragments in fissure filled with red clay and associated with abundant lithic artefacts on headland above cave	8850±80	−25.2	Fully modelled	David 2007
Nab Head I, Dyfed	OxA-1496	Charred hazelnut shell fragments NH80 02, from upper layers of solifluction deposit [context 12] underlying soil with Mesolithic artefacts in sqL6. This square contained mostly early artefacts and shale beads, though some late pieces were also present.	9110±80	−26.0	Fully modelled	David 2007
Prestatyn, Clwyd	OxA-2268	Charred hazelnut shells associated with flint tools, in thin black soil sealed by tufa.	8700±100	−23.5	Fully modelled	Bell 2007
Seamer C, North Yorkshire	HAR-5237	Bulk peat from context 2506, Trench C XIII (1982). Described as either a 'mid-brown coarse detritus mud/peat with wood and reed frags', or 'upper wood peat', containing struck flint. This should be stratigraphically later than HAR 5236. Given areas of this trench are disturbed and it also contains long blade material, this may reflect mixing of material of different dates.	9800±80	−29.3	Fully modelled	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 242
Seamer C, North Yorkshire	HAR-5236	Semi-charred, unidentified waterlogged wood from context 5012, trench C XIII (1982), scatter K2. Black-grey sand/peat interface with occasional rounded pebbles & a high organic fraction. Context contained struck flint & ?worked wood	9470±100	−28.6	TPQ, potential old wood offset	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 242
Seamer C, North Yorkshire	OxA-26542	Elk/cattle-sized bone, one end charred, from scatter G bone dump, adjacent to early Mesolithic lithic scatter. Sample taken from uncharred end.	9340±45	−22.4	Fully modelled	Conneller and Higham 2015
Seamer C, North Yorkshire	HAR-5238	Charcoal, Salix/Populus sp. from context 2018, Trench C XVIII. From sand with associated flint.	9300±110	−28.2	Fully modelled	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 243
Seamer C, North Yorkshire	HAR-5791	Charcoal, Salix/Populus sp. from context 2018, Trench C XVIII, From charcoal lens in sand layer 2018, with associated early Mesolithic flint.	9340±160	−27.8	Fully modelled	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 245
Seamer C, North Yorkshire	CAR-196	Bulked cattle and deer bones from detrital mud associated with mineral erosion deposit & hazelnut. 24.60m OD Context 2132 / 2177? Bone layer 2135, Trench C IX (1979) Seamer G bone layer?	9100±100	−24.2	Fully modelled	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming
Seamer C, North Yorkshire	HAR-5547	Unidentified charcoal from context 5012, Trench C XI (1981) K2 Black-grey sand/peat interface with occasional rounded pebbles & high organic fraction. From immediately below dense flint concentration.	8910±200		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 244
Seamer K, North Yorkshire	CAR-841	Bulk peat from peaty organic layer [5085], top, below early Mesolithic flint horizon.	10960±110		TPQ, constraint	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming
Seamer K, North Yorkshire	HAR-5787	Bulk peat and mud from layer [5085] sealed beneath context 5084, and above basal gravels.	10040±130	−29.7	TPQ constraint	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 244
Seamer K, North Yorkshire	HAR-5789	Peat [5005] adjacent to sample of hafted microliths.	8020±90	−28.9	TAQ, constraint	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 244–5
Seamer K, North Yorkshire	HAR-6498	Waterlogged wood, Salix/Populus sp., possible haft of composite microlithic tool from [5005].	8210±150	−30.8	TAQ, constraint	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 246
Seamer K, North Yorkshire	HAR-5794	Charcoal, Salix/Populus sp, from 5012, a grey peaty sand interface layer between the main beach/shoreline deposit 5014 & the overlying wood peat 5005. Important flint/bone-bearing layer.	9590±120	−26.3	Fully modelled	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 246
Seamer K, North Yorkshire	HAR-5241	Bulk peat and sand from test-pit Z 306A, context 5067 (this equivalent to 5012 flint layer) Start of organic sedimentation - from a reed peat 5067 above the sand/peat interface 5098.	11000±130	−30.3	Fully modelled	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 243
Seamer K, North Yorkshire	HAR-5242	Bulk peat and sand from layer 5069 (equivalent to 5085) black detrital peat beneath sand layer. Test-pit Z 306A, Context 5069.	9560±120	−22.8	TPQ, constraint	Lane and Schadla-Hall forthcoming; Bayliss et al. 2012, 243
Warcock Hill South, West Yorkshire	Q-1185	Bulked unidentified charcoal curated from Francis Buckley's 1920s excavation. Believed to be associated with early Mesolithic microliths.	9210±340		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Jacobi 1978
Deepcar
Eton Rowing Lake, Buckinghamshire	OxA-14088	Bos primigenius sacrum, found in same layer as principle flint concentration. Context 1664 fn 378.	9540±45	−22.2	Fully modelled	Allen et al. 2013
Lackford Heath, Suffolk	OxA-2342	Resin adhering to flint within coherent flint assemblage, within dark sediment originally interpreted as a structure.	9240±110	−29.1	Fully modelled	Roberts et al. 1998
Lominot III, West Yorkshire	Q-1187	Bulked unidentified charcoal, believed excavated at same time as early Mesolithic flint assemblage(s).	9565±470		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Jacobi 1978
Marsh Benham, Berkshire	Q-1380	Bulked hazel charcoal and unidentified wood in apparent association with lithics.	9690±240		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 57
Marsh Benham, Berkshire	Q-1129	Bulked hazelnut and unidentified wood in apparent association with lithics.	9300±150		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 57
Marsh Benham, Berkshire	OxA-5195	Charred hazelnut shell in apparent association with lithics.	8905±80	−23.7	Fully modelled	Reynier 2002
Oakhanger Warren Site VII, Hampshire	Q-1489	Bulked charred hazelnut shells from level 2.	9225±170		Fully modelled	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger Warren Site VII, Hampshire	Q-1491	Bulked pine charcoal from level 2.	9100±160		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire	Q-1493	Bulked pine charcoal from level 2 Site VII	9040±160		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire	Q-1490	Bulked pine charcoal from phase 1 or 2.	8995±160		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire	Q-1492	Bulked pine charcoal from phase 2?	8975±160		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Oakhanger V/VII, Hampshire	Q-1494	Bulked pine and hazel charcoal from phase 2.	8885±160		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Switsur and Jacobi 1979, 54
Thatcham III, Berkshire	Q-659	Bulked unidentified charcoal and hazelnut shells from hearth in square G5, 3-5, 7-8.	10365±170		TPQ potential old wood offset	Wymer 1962
Thatcham III, Berkshire	Q-1384	Bulked unidentified charcoal from hearth in square E4.4.	9665±170		TPQ potential old wood offset	Jacobi nd
Thatcham III, Berkshire	OxA-2848	Resin adhering to flake. No location information.	9200±90	−28.8	Fully modelled	Roberts et al. 1998
Thatcham, Berkshire III	Q-658	Bulked charred hazelnut shells from hearth in square F3-4, 1 & 3.	10030±170		Omitted, inaccurate result	Wymer 1962
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex	OxA-5557	Cervus elaphus tooth (84084) from scatter C west.	9280±110	−21.4	Fully modelled	Lewis and Rackham 2011; Bayliss et al. 2015, 189
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex	OxA-5558	Capreolus capreolus, mandibular tooth (90377) from scatter C west.	9265±80	−23.0	Fully modelled	Lewis and Rackham 2011; Bayliss et al. 2015, 190
Three Ways Wharf, Middlesex	OxA-5559	Cervus elaphus, maxillary tooth from scatter C west.	9200±75	−21.3	Fully modelled	Lewis and Rackham 2011; Bayliss et al. 2015, 190
Waystone Edge, West Yorkshire	Q-1300	Bulked unidentified charcoal from hearth pit?	9396±210		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Jacobi 1978
Basally modified
Cramond, Edinburgh	OxA-10180	Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/1066 [1431], the fill of a shallow scoop 1432 containing hazelnuts and lithic artefacts cut into side of pit [1430], sealed by [1409].	9250±60	−26.0	Fully modelled	Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh	OxA-10145	Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/291 [1409] circular spread of silt with hazelnuts and lithic artefacts sealing rubbish pits under possible old topsoil.	9230±50	−24.9	Fully modelled	Lawson 2001, Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh	OxA-10143	Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/291 [1409] circular spread of silt with hazelnuts and lithic artefacts sealing rubbish pits under possible old topsoil.	9150±45	−23.5	Fully modelled	Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh	OxA-10179	Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/958 [1426] level K the fill of central pit [1430] containing hazelnuts and lithic artefacts.	9130±65	−23.9	Fully modelled	Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh	OxA-10144	Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/283 [1402] the fill of a small truncated pit [1425] sealed by [1409].	9110±60	−23.1	Fully modelled	Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Cramond, Edinburgh	OxA-10178	Charred hazelnut shell from CR95/956 [1426] level M the fill of central pit [1430] containing hazelnuts and lithic artefacts.	9105±65	−23.3	Fully modelled	Lawson 2001; Saville 2008
Kettlebury 103, Surrey	OxA-378	Charred hazelnut shells from box H10.7.	8270±120	assumed −25.0	Fully modelled	Reynier 2002, 226
Kettlebury 103, Surrey	OxA-379	Charred hazelnut shells from box 18.9.	7940±120	assumed −25.0	Fully modelled	Reynier 2002, 226
Kettlebury 103, Surrey	OxA-6395	Charred hazelnut shells from box 46A at 20cm depth.	7990±90	assumed −25.0	Fully modelled	Reynier 2002, 226
Kettlebury 103, Surrey	OxA-6396	Charred hazelnut shells from box 16B at 27cm depth	8573±110	assumed −25.0	Fully modelled	Reynier 2002, 226
Longmoor, Hampshire	OxA-376	Charred hazelnut shell L1, from within scatter of flint artefacts in bleached horizon of humus-iron podsol.	8930±100	assumed −25.0	Fully modelled	Gillespie et al. 1985; Reynier 2002, 226
Longmoor, Hampshire	OxA-377	Charred hazelnut shell, from within scatter of flint artefacts in bleached horizon of humus-iron podsol	8760±110	assumed −25.0	Fully modelled	Gillespie et al. 1985, Reynier 2002, 226
Westhampnett, Sussex	OxA-4170	Charred hazelnut shells from a shallow pit 40434 up to 50cm below topsoil, found with a number of Mesolithic flints and a wider flint scatter recovered by fieldwalking. Area 4.	8880±100	−24.6	Fully modelled	Fitzpatrick et al. 2008
Scalene triangles
Broomhead Moor site 5, South Yorkshire	Q-800	Unidentified bulked charcoal from archaeological layer.	7890±80		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Radley et al. 1974; Switsur and Jacobi 1975
Broomhill, Hampshire	Q-1192	Unidentified bulked charcoal from base of pit 3.	8540±150	assumed −25.0	TPQ, potential old wood offset	O'Malley and Jacobi 1978
Broomhill, Hampshire	Q-1383	Unidentified bulked charcoal from base of pit 3.	8315±150	assumed −25.0	TPQ, potential old wood offset	O'Malley and Jacobi 1978
Broomhill, Hampshire	Q-1528	Unidentified bulked charcoal from base of pit 3.	8515±150	assumed −25.0	TPQ, potential old wood offset	O'Malley and Jacobi 1978
Broxbourne 105, Hertfordshire	Birm-343	Waterlogged wood (pine), from 0.51m. Base of wood peat, Mesolithic hearth also at base of wood peat. TPQ for hearth.	8700±170		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Shotton and Williams 1973
Filpoke Beacon, Co. Durham	Q-1474	Bulked charred hazelnut shells from a black band of charred hazelnuts, beneath which is a white layer of ash and calcified bone fragments. The artefacts came from within or just above the black band.	8760±140		Fully modelled	Jacobi 1976, 71
Lightmarsh Farm, Herefordshire	OxA-4327	Charred hazelnut shells from pit or tree throw containing late Mesolithic microliths.	8800±80	−25.2	Fully modelled	Hedges et al. 1994, 352
Madawg Shelter, Herefordshire	OxA-6081	Charred sloe seed, found 1cm from charred scalene triangle.	8710±70	−26.2	Fully modelled	Barton and Roberts 1996
Prestatyn, Clwyd	OxA-2269	Charred hazelnut shells associated with flint tools, in thin black soil sealed by tufa.	8730±90	−23.6	Fully modelled	Bell 2007
Stumps Cross, North Yorkshire	Q-141	Bulk unidentified charcoal from undisturbed organic mud of small pool associated with lithic scatter.	8450±310		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Walker 1956
Tolpits B101, Hertfordshire	Q-1147	Bulked charcoal, probably oak and maple, from F1, a small pit.	8260±150		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Jacobi nd
Warcock Hill site III, West Yorkshire	Q-789	Bulked charcoal (Quercus sp. and Betula sp.) from 3 cooking pits, excavated by Francis Buckley. Charcoal from Pit 5 dug into underlying shale and thin overlying grey sand. Occurrence of distinctive banded chert on floor and in pits suggested they were contemporary and dug during the occupation.	8606±110		TPQ, potential old wood offset	Radley et al. 1974