Cite this as: Binding, C., Evans, T., Gilham, J., Tudhope, D. and Wright, H. 2022 Linked Data for the Historic Environment, Internet Archaeology 59. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.59.7
This article discusses the outcomes of research undertaken by the Hypermedia Research Group at the University of South Wales in collaboration with the OASIS team at the Archaeology Data Service in the Linked Data for the Historic Environment (LD4HE) project. The new OASIS system allows stakeholders to record information/events accurately and consistently, using established heritage and spatial vocabularies, including those currently available via the Heritage Data platform. The LD4HE project explores one avenue of enhancing the potential re-use of information recorded by OASIS and making connections with other online data collections. LD4HE enables the creation and export of RDF from the new OASIS V system, a major step towards the production of Linked Data. The main outcomes comprise a conceptual mapping between mandatory OASIS fields and the standard CIDOC-CRM ontology, together with a template-based tool to convert records exported from OASIS to a corresponding RDF representation. A set of SPARQL queries demonstrates the outcomes of the data conversion. New specialised vocabularies required by OASIS have been published as linked data on the Heritage Data platform. The methods are described and illustrated with examples. Reflections on the case study and cost/benefit considerations for Linked Data conversion are discussed, together with possible strategies for reducing the costs of producing Linked Data.
Ceri Binding
ceri.binding@southwales.ac.uk
Hypermedia Research Group, University of South Wales
Tim Evans
tim.evans@york.ac.uk
ADS, Department of Archaeology, University of York
Jo Gilham
jo.gilham@york.ac.uk
ADS, Department of Archaeology, University of York
Corresponding author: Douglas Tudhope
douglas.tudhope@southwales.ac.uk
Hypermedia Research Group, University of South Wales
Holly Wright
holly.wright@york.ac.uk
ADS, Department of Archaeology, University of York
Figure 1: Main entities and properties
Figure 2: Record with associated entities and properties
Figure 3: Monument type and period associated with a site record
Figure 4: Example visualisation of 5.10 Query (Location of sites in Cornwall). Extract from a larger map via http://geojson.io/ © Mapbox © OpenStreetMap
Figure 5: Example visualisation showing activity on a site with location and timespan
Figure 6: Example visualisation showing a report publication resulting from a particular site activity
Figure 7: Example visualisation showing report and other records referring to 'watching brief' activities
Figure 8: Example visualisation showing activity on one site in Southampton, as well as other sites in Southampton
Aloia, N., Binding, C., Cuy, S., Doerr, M., Fanini, B., Felicetti, A., Fihn, J., Gavrilis, D., Geser, G., Hollander, H., Meghini, C., Niccolucci, F., Nurra, F., Papatheodorou, C., Richards, J., Ronzino, P., Scopigno, R., Theodoridou, M., Tudhope, D., Vlachidis, A. and Wright, H. 2017 'Enabling European archaeological research: the ARIADNE E-Infrastructure', Internet Archaeology 43. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.43.11
Binding, C. and Tudhope, D. 2016 'Improving interoperability using vocabulary linked data', International Journal on Digital Libraries 17(1), 5-21. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-015-0166-y
Binding, C., Charno, M., Jeffrey, S., May, K. and Tudhope, D. 2015 'Template based semantic integration: from legacy archaeological datasets to linked data', International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 11(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSWIS.2015010101
Binding, C., Tudhope, D. and Vlachidis, A. 2019 'A study of semantic integration across archaeological data and reports in different languages', Journal of Information Science 45(3), 364-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551518789874
Bizer, C., Heath, T. and Berners-Lee, T. 2009 'Linked Data - the story so far', International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 5(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4018/jswis.2009081901
Charles, V., Freire, N. and Isaac, A. 2014 'Links, languages and semantics: linked data approaches in the European Library and Europeana', Proc. IFLA World Library and Information Congress, Lyon. http://ifla2014-satdata.bnf.fr/pdf/iflalld2014_submission_Charles_Freire_Isaac.pdf
Evans, T. 2015 'A reassessment of archaeological grey literature: semantics and paradoxes', Internet Archaeology 40. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.40.6
Geser, G. 2016 ARIADNE WP15 Study: Towards a Web of Archaeological Linked Open Data. http://legacy.ariadne-infrastructure.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/ARIADNE_archaeological_LOD_study_10-2016-1.pdf
Gruber, E. 2016 'Linked open data for numismatic library, archive and museum integration' in M. Matsumoto and E. Uleberg (eds) Proc. 44th Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA2016). 33-40. https://zenodo.org/record/1304270#.YijZVC2cbVo
Huggett, J. 2018 'Reuse remix recycle: repurposing archaeological digital data', Advances in Archaeological Practice 6(2), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.1
Isaac, A., Waites, W., Young, W. abd Zeng, M. 2011 W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group Report 25: Datasets, Value Vocabularies, and Metadata Element Sets. https://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/lld/XGR-lld-vocabdataset-20111025/
Isaksen, L., Simon, R., Barker, E. and de Soto, C. 2014 'Pelagios and the emerging graph of ancient world data', Proc. ACM Conference on Web Science (WebSci'14), 197–201. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2615569.2615693
Kansa, E. 2014 'Open Context and Linked Data' in T. Elliott, S. Heath and J. Muccigrosso (eds) Current Practice in Linked Open Data for the Ancient World, ISAW Papers 7(10) http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/7/kansa/
Kansa, E. and Kansa, S. 2013 'Open Archaeology: We all know that a 14 is a sheep: data publication and professionalism in archaeological communication', Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 1(1), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.1.1.0088
May, K., Binding, C. and Tudhope, D. 2015 'Barriers and opportunities for Linked Open Data use in archaeology and cultural heritage', Archäologische Informationen 38, 173-84. https://doi.org/10.11588/ai.2015.1.26162
Myers, D., Dalgity, A. and Avramides, I. 2016 'The Arches heritage inventory and management system: a platform for the heritage field', Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 6(2), 213–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-02-2016-0010
Niccolucci, F. and Richards, J. (eds) 2019 The ARIADNE Impact, Archaeolingua Foundation, Hungary. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4319058
OCLC 2018 International Linked Data Survey. https://www.oclc.org/research/areas/data-science/linkeddata/linked-data-survey.html
Shaw, R., Rabinowitz, A., Golden, P. and Kansa, E. 2016 'A sharing-oriented design strategy for Networked Knowledge Organization Systems', International Journal on Digital Libraries 17(1), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-015-0164-0
Tudhope, D., May, K., Binding, C. and Vlachidis, A. 2011 'Connecting archaeological data and grey literature via semantic cross search', Internet Archaeology 30. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.30.5
Wilkinson, M. et al. 2016 'The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship', Scientific Data 3(1), 160018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18
Zeng, M.L. and Mayr, P. 2019 ' Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) in the Semantic Web: a multi-dimensional review', International Journal on Digital Libraries 20, 209–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-018-0241-2
Internet Archaeology is an open access journal based in the Department of Archaeology, University of York. Except where otherwise noted, content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY) Unported licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that attribution to the author(s), the title of the work, the Internet Archaeology journal and the relevant URL/DOI are given.
Terms and Conditions | Legal Statements | Privacy Policy | Cookies Policy | Citing Internet Archaeology
Internet Archaeology content is preserved for the long term with the Archaeology Data Service. Help sustain and support open access publication by donating to our Open Access Archaeology Fund.
Home
