Internet Archaeology 11: Ray & Adams 4.4 Africa.

4.4 Africa

Africa was slightly cooler but much drier than at present. The Sahara Desert and the Namib Desert were both expanded, and in equatorial Africa there was relatively little forest cover.

Regionally specific altitudinal zones; in the eastern part of South Africa: areas above 1000m were labelled 'temperate steppe grassland' based on Coetzee and van Zinderen Bakker (1988). In the central part of the Sahara desert, areas above 1500m were reconstructed as 'semi-desert', based on the fact that some winter rains apparently occurred and maintained scattered vegetation (Faure et al. 1995, 79; Leroux 1998; Maley 2000).

Figure 6: Map of Africa (view legend)

Selected literature sources for the region of Africa:

Aucour et al. (1994); Bar-Yosef (1990); Battisistini (1970); Belluomini et al. (1980); Bengo and Maley (1991); Bonnefille and Riollet (1988); Close and Wendorf (1990); Coetzee and van Zinderen Bakker (1988); Colyn et al. (1991); Deacon (1990); Dupont (1993); Dupont et al. (2000); El-Nakhal (1993); Fairbridge (1964); Faure (1984); Gasse (1977); Gasse et al. (1990); Gasse et al. (1994); Giresse and Le Ribault (1990); Giresse et al. (1990); Goodfriend and Margaritz (1988); Hamilton (1982, 1988); Hamilton and Taylor (1991); Hooghiemstra (1988); Hooghiemstra et al. (1992b); Isaar et al. (1989); Jansen (1990); Kortlandt (1984); Lézine (1989); Lézine and Vergaud-Grazzini (1994); Lézine and Cassanova (1989); Livingstone (1980, 1993); Maley (1987, 1989, 1992, 2000); Matima (1991); Mordeckai and Goodfriend (1987); Neumann (1989); Petit-Maire et al. (1994); Preuss (1990); Ritchie (1994); Roberts (1990); Sarnthein (1978); Schwartz (1991); Scott (1989); Servant and Servant-Vildary (1980); Ssemmada and Vincens (1993); Street-Perrott (1994); Tallis (1991); Tamura (1990); Taylor (1990); Thomas and Shaw (1991); van Neer (1984); Vincens (1991); Walker (1990).