Cite this as: Opitz, R., Baldwin, E., De Smedt, P., Verhegge, J., Campana, S., Mayoral-Herrera, V., Powlesland, D., Vieri, M., Perna, C. and Sarri, D. 2023 Remote Sensing Data to Support Integrated Decision Making in Cultural and Natural Heritage Management - Impasses and opportunities for collaboration in agricultural areas, Internet Archaeology 62. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.10
Remote and near surface sensing data are widely used in archaeology and heritage management for feature discovery, change detection and monitoring, as an input to predictive modelling, and in the planning process. While global and regional datasets are widely used for some purposes, data are regularly acquired specifically for archaeological projects because of the very high spatial resolution required for feature detection and assessments of archaeological significance and the need for data on subsurface features. The sensing data collected for archaeology cover limited areas and only a few types of sensors, known to produce data efficiently, are regularly employed. Precision agriculture is beginning to produce large quantities of varied sensing data across extensive landscape areas. This situation creates an opportunity to adapt and reuse precision agricultural data for archaeology and heritage work, extending covering and enhancing our understanding of archaeology in contemporary agricultural landscapes. Equally, there is potential for coordinated data collection, collecting data once for multiple applications, and to add value through analyses which bring together perspectives from multiple related domains to model long-term processes in anthropogenic soil systems. This article provides a high-level overview of policy and technological developments which create the potential for sensing data reuse, coordinated data collection, and collaborative analyses across archaeological, agricultural, and agri-environmental applications while underscoring the structural barriers which, at present, constrain this potential. It highlights examples where the development of interoperable data and workflows can promote tighter integration of archaeology and cultural heritage management with sustainable agricultural land management and support integrated decision making.
Corresponding author: Rachel Opitz
Rachel.Opitz@glasgow.ac.uk
Archaeology, University of Glasgow
Eamonn Baldwin
Archaeology, University of Glasgow
Philippe De Smedt
Department of Environment, Ghent University
Jeroen Verhegge
Department of Environment, Ghent University
Stefano Campana
Archaeology, University of Siena
Victorino Mayoral Herrera
Archaeology, CSIC
Dominic Powlesland
Landscape Research Centre
Marco Vieri
Department of Agricultural, Alimentary, Environmental and Forestry Sciences, University of Florence
Carolina Perna
Department of Agricultural, Alimentary, Environmental and Forestry Sciences, University of Florence
Daniele Sarri
Department of Agricultural, Alimentary, Environmental and Forestry Sciences, University of Florence
Figure 1: Participants in ipaast-czo and Soil Health and Soil Heritage project workshops and field visits provided insight into how they use sensing data, explained their land management objectives, and discussed the potential for coordinated data collection, analysis, and data sharing
Figure 2: Geophysical survey data collected at a resolution typical for archaeological survey of 1.2m interline spacing (left) downsampled to 4.8m interline spacing (right). The 4.8m interline spacing represents a compromise between precision agricultural priorities (efficiency of data capture) and archaeological priorities (detecting likely concentrations of features)
Figure 3: A schematic workflow integrating the mowing and ploughing event layers derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite data into a heritage management monitoring workflow. This workflow is an example of the reuse of a data product created for precision agricultural applications in a heritage management application
Table 1: A template for cross-domain requirements planning, used to rank the importance of assessing soil properties for applications in different domains and agreeing group priorities for a project. This template was used for a requirements planning discussion between archaeological, environmental and agricultural stakeholders as part of the Soil Health and Soil Heritage Project
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