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Appendix 3: Wacher's Phasing for Brough-on-Humber (based on Wacher 1969)

Period I before AD 70

Native occupation at Brough House.

Period IIa c.AD 70 First Roman occupation: a temporary camp of unknown size.
Period IIb c.AD 70-80 Permanent auxiliary fort replaces temporary camp, supervising store-depot which probably lies to the south. The fort was evacuated c.AD 80.
Period III c.AD 80-125 The store-depot is maintained although the fort is no longer occupied.
Period IV c.AD 125 A brief reoccupation of the fort: the defences are refurbished and some internal buildings are constructed.
Period V c.AD 125-200 The gradual development of the vicus. This is a slow process until the later Hadrianic or early Antonine period. The settlement is surrounded by bank and a ditch. The theatre may have been built at this time. The site may still be acting as a supply depot or a base for a naval detachment, as well as acting as a civilian centre, possibly the civitas capital of the Parisi.
Period VI c.AD 200-70 The second phase of turf and timber fortification, on a different line from the first, with much internal building construction. These fortifications are more similar to military defences than to other contemporary urban defences.
Period VII c.AD 270-90 The fortifications are converted to stone in a series of stages. The work may have been interrupted.
Period VIII c.AD 290-370? Work is resumed on the defences, adding bastions and gate-towers and rebuilding some Period VII defences.
Period IX c.AD 370 Latest period of occupation at site. The ceramic evidence suggests a shrinkage of occupation towards the south-west corner of the town. The latest coin dates to Magnus Maximus.

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