List of Figures

Figure 1: Topographic base map, showing relief and major rivers (derived from Bartholomew GB2003 and Ordnance Survey LANDMAP datasets)

Figure 2: Constraints base map, showing urban areas, forests, lakes, and danger zones (derived from Bartholomew GB2003 dataset)

Figure 3: Overall distribution of all PAS finds against topographic base map

Figure 4: Overall distribution of all PAS finds against constraints base map

Figure 5: Overall distribution of all PAS finds presented as kernel density plot

Figure 6: Kernel density plot overlain with 1997 and 1999 PAS areas

Figure 7: Chart showing PAS finds by region

Figure 8: Chart showing PAS finds by period

Figure 9: Chart showing constraints on data recovery as percentage of database

Figure 10: Distribution of finds in northern England against topographic base map

Figure 11: Distribution of finds in northern England against constraints base map

Figure 12: Chart showing PAS finds in northern England by period

Figure 13: Chart showing constraints on data recovery in northern England

Figure 14: Distribution of finds in west central England against topographic base map

Figure 15: Distribution of finds in west central England against constraints base map

Figure 16: Chart showing PAS finds in west central England by period

Figure 17: Chart showing constraints on data recovery in west central England

Figure 18: Distribution of finds in east central England against topographic base map

Figure 19: Distribution of finds in east central England against constraints base map

Figure 20: Chart showing PAS finds in east central England by period

Figure 21: Chart showing constraints on data recovery in east central England

Figure 22: Distribution of finds in East Anglia against topographic base map

Figure 23: Distribution of finds in East Anglia against constraints base map

Figure 24: Chart showing PAS finds in East Anglia by period

Figure 25: Chart showing constraints on data recovery in East Anglia

Figure 26: Distribution of finds in south-east England against topographic base map

Figure 27: Distribution of finds in south-east England against constraints base map

Figure 28: Chart showing PAS finds in south-east England by period

Figure 29: Chart showing constraints on data recovery in south-east England

Figure 30: Distribution of finds in south-west England against topographic base map

Figure 31: Distribution of finds in south-west England against constraints base map

Figure 32: Chart showing PAS finds in south-west England by period

Figure 33: Chart showing constraints on data recovery in south-west England

Figure 34: Distribution of finds in Wales against topographic base map

Figure 35: Distribution of finds in Wales against constraints base map

Figure 36: Chart showing PAS finds in Wales by period

Figure 37: Chart showing constraints on data recovery in Wales

Figure 38: Distribution of PAS Iron Age finds

Figure 39: Kernel density plot of Iron Age finds

Figure 40: Distribution of PAS Roman finds

Figure 41: Kernel density plot of Roman finds

Figure 42: Distribution of PAS Early Medieval finds

Figure 43: Kernel density plot of PAS Early Medieval finds

Figure 44: Distribution of PAS Late Medieval finds

Figure 45: Kernel density plot of Late Medieval finds

Figure 46: Charts showing period assemblages by region, calculated as a proportion of contemporary period assemblage

Figure 47: Charts showing period assemblages by region, calculated as a proportion of overall regional assemblage

Figure 48: Interactive map of PAS finds in the Fenland region

Figure 49: Interactive map of PAS finds in the Weald region

Figure 50: Interactive map of PAS finds in the Solent region

Figure 51: Overall distribution of finds recorded in Corpus of Early Medieval Coins (EMC)

Figure 52: Overall distribution of PAS Early Medieval finds

Figure 53: Kernel density plot of EMC data

Figure 54: Kernel density plot of PAS Early Medieval finds

Figure 55: Overall distribution of PAS finds recorded as Early to Middle Saxon c. 500-750

Figure 56: Overall distribution of PAS finds recorded as Middle Saxon: c. 650-850

Figure 57: Overall distribution of PAS finds recorded as Middle to Late Saxon: post-c. 650-c. 1100

Figure 58: Overall distribution of PAS finds recorded as Late Saxon: c. 850-1100

Figure 59: Chart showing proportion of PAS early medieval finds categorised by broad period

Figure 60: Chart showing proportion of EMC finds categorised by broad category

Figure 61: Chart showing proportion of PAS finds categorised by material

Figure 62: Chart showing PAS finds categorised by functional group

Figure 63: The artefact 'fingerprint' for the VASLE National dataset (for artefact categories with greater than 20 records)

Figure 64: The artefact 'fingerprint' for the VASLE National dataset (for artefact categories with greater than 50 records)

Figure 65: The coinage 'fingerprint' for the VASLE National dataset

Figure 66: Old English habitation names and Early Anglo-Saxon burials (from Roberts 2008)

Figure 67: Anglo-Saxon stone sculpture and monasteries (from Roberts 2008)

Figure 68: Presence of woodland AD 700-1086 (from Roberts 2008)

Figure 69: Interactive map of PAS and EMC data in northern England

Figure 70: Chart showing proportion of PAS finds in northern England categorised by broad period

Figure 71: The artefact 'fingerprint' for northern England

Figure 72: The coinage 'fingerprint' for northern England

Figure 73: Interactive map of PAS and EMC data in west central England

Figure 74: Chart showing proportion of PAS finds in west central England categorised by broad period

Figure 75: The artefact 'fingerprint' for west central England

Figure 76: The coinage 'fingerprint' for west central England

Figure 77: Interactive map of PAS and EMC data in east central England

Figure 78: Chart showing proportion of PAS finds in east central England categorised by broad period

Figure 79: The artefact 'fingerprint' for east central England

Figure 80: The coinage 'fingerprint' for east central England

Figure 81: Interactive map of PAS and EMC data in East Anglia

Figure 82: Chart showing proportion of PAS finds in East Anglia categorised by broad period

Figure 83: The artefact 'fingerprint' for East Anglia

Figure 84: The coinage 'fingerprint' for East Anglia

Figure 85: Interactive map of PAS and EMC data in south-east England

Figure 86: Chart showing proportion of PAS finds in south-east England categorised by broad period

Figure 87: The artefact 'fingerprint' for south-east England

Figure 88: The coinage 'fingerprint' for south-east England

Figure 89: Interactive map of PAS and EMC data in south-west England

Figure 90: Chart showing proportion of PAS finds in south-west England categorised by broad period

Figure 91: The artefact 'fingerprint' for south-west England

Figure 92: The coinage 'fingerprint' for south-west England

Figure 93: 'Date range' analysis of PAS 'early medieval' metal artefacts

Figure 94: 'Start-date' analysis of PAS 'early medieval' metal artefacts

Figure 95: 'End-date' analysis of PAS 'early medieval' metal artefacts

Figure 96: Sample chart: artefact date analysis

Figure 97: Sample chart: artefact type analysis

Figure 98: Sample chart: artefact metal analysis

Figure 99: Sample chart: coins – date of production

Figure 100: Clickable map of excavated and 'productive' sites included in Section 4.4

Figure 101: Bamburgh Castle: artefact date analysis

Figure 102: Bamburgh Castle: artefact type analysis

Figure 103: Bamburgh Castle: artefact metal analysis

Figure 104: Bamburgh Castle: coins - date of production

Figure 105: Barham: artefact date analysis

Figure 106: Barham: artefact type analysis

Figure 107: Barham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 108: Barham: coins – date of production

Figure 109: Barton Bendish: artefact date analysis

Figure 110: Barton Bendish: artefact type analysis

Figure 111: Barton Bendish: artefact metal analysis

Figure 112: Barton Bendish: coins – date of production

Figure 113: Bawsey: artefact date analysis

Figure 114: Bawsey: artefact type analysis

Figure 115: Bawsey: artefact metal analysis

Figure 116: Bawsey: coins – date of production

Figure 117: Bedford: artefact date analysis

Figure 118: Bedford: artefact type analysis

Figure 119: Bedford: artefact metal analysis

Figure 120: Bedford: coins – date of production

Figure 121: Beverley: artefact date analysis

Figure 122: Beverley: artefact type analysis

Figure 123: Beverley: artefact metal analysis

Figure 124: Beverley: coins – date of production

Figure 125: Burgh Castle: artefact date analysis

Figure 126: Burgh Castle: artefact type analysis

Figure 127: Burgh Castle: artefact metal analysis

Figure 128: Burgh Castle: coins – date of production

Figure 129: Burnham: artefact date analysis

Figure 130: Burnham: artefact type analysis

Figure 131: Burnham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 132: Burnham: coins – date of production

Figure 133: Burrow Hill: artefact date analysis

Figure 134: Burrow Hill: artefact type analysis

Figure 135: Burrow Hill: artefact metal analysis

Figure 136: Burrow Hill: coins – date of production

Figure 137: Burton Fleming: artefact date analysis

Figure 138: Burton Fleming: artefact type analysis

Figure 139: Burton Fleming: artefact metal analysis

Figure 140: Burton Fleming: coins - date of production

Figure 141: Caistor St Edmund: artefact date analysis

Figure 142: Caistor St Edmund: artefact type analysis

Figure 143: Caistor St Edmund: artefact metal analysis

Figure 144: Caistor St Edmund: coins – date of production

Figure 145: Canterbury – Marlowe Street: artefact date analysis

Figure 146: Canterbury – Marlowe Street: artefact type analysis

Figure 147: Canterbury – Marlowe Street: artefact metal analysis

Figure 148: Canterbury – Marlowe Street: coins – date of production

Figure 149: Cliffe: artefact date analysis

Figure 150: Cliffe: artefact type analysis

Figure 151: Cliffe: artefact metal analysis

Figure 152: Cliffe: coins – date of production

Figure 153: Coddenham: artefact date analysis

Figure 154: Coddenham: artefact type analysis

Figure 155: Coddenham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 156: Coddenham: coins – date of production

Figure 157: Colkirk: artefact date analysis

Figure 158: Colkirk: artefact type analysis

Figure 159: Colkirk: artefact metal analysis

Figure 160: Colkirk: coins – date of production

Figure 161: Congham: artefact date analysis

Figure 162: Congham: artefact type analysis

Figure 163: Congham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 164: Congham: coins – date of production

Figure 165: Cottam A: artefact date analysis

Figure 166: Cottam A: artefact type analysis

Figure 167: Cottam A: artefact metal analysis

Figure 168: Cottam A: coins – date of production

Figure 169: Cottam B: artefact date analysis

Figure 170: Cottam B: artefact type analysis

Figure 171: Cottam B: artefact metal analysis

Figure 172: Cottam B: coins – date of production

Figure 173: Cowlam: artefact date analysis

Figure 174: Cowlam: artefact type analysis

Figure 175: Cowlam: artefact metal analysis

Figure 176: Cowlam: coins – date of production

Figure 177: East Rudham: artefact date analysis

Figure 178: East Rudham: artefact type analysis

Figure 179: East Rudham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 180: East Rudham: coins – date of production

Figure 181: East Walton: artefact date analysis

Figure 182: East Walton: artefact type analysis

Figure 183: East Walton: artefact metal analysis

Figure 184: East Walton: coins – date of production

Figure 185: Elsham: artefact date analysis

Figure 186: Elsham: artefact type analysis

Figure 187: Elsham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 188: Elsham: coins – date of production

Figure 189: Firle: artefact date analysis

Figure 190: Firle: artefact type analysis

Figure 191: Firle: artefact metal analysis

Figure 192: Firle: coins – date of production

Figure 193: Flixborough: artefact date analysis

Figure 194: Flixborough: artefact type analysis

Figure 195: Flixborough: artefact metal analysis

Figure 196: Flixborough: coins – date of production

Figure 197: Freckenham: artefact date analysis

Figure 198: Freckenham: artefact type analysis

Figure 199: Freckenham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 200: Freckenham: coins – date of production

Figure 201: Hartlepool: artefact date analysis

Figure 202: Hartlepool: artefact type analysis

Figure 203: Hartlepool: artefact metal analysis

Figure 204: Hartlepool: coins – date of production

Figure 205: Hindringham: artefact date analysis

Figure 206: Hindringham: artefact type analysis

Figure 207: Hindringham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 208: Hindringham: coins – date of production

Figure 209: Hollingbourne: artefact date analysis

Figure 210: Hollingbourne: artefact type analysis

Figure 211: Hollingbourne: artefact metal analysis

Figure 212: Hollingbourne: coins – date of production

Figure 213: Ixworth: artefact date analysis

Figure 214: Ixworth: artefact type analysis

Figure 215: Ixworth: artefact metal analysis

Figure 216: Ixworth: coins – date of production

Figure 217: Kilham: artefact date analysis

Figure 218: Kilham: artefact type analysis

Figure 219: Kilham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 220: Kilham: coins – date of production

Figure 221: Lackford: artefact date analysis

Figure 222: Lackford: artefact type analysis

Figure 223: Lackford: artefact metal analysis

Figure 224: Lackford: coins – date of production

Figure 225: Little Wilbraham: artefact date analysis

Figure 226: Little Wilbraham: artefact type analysis

Figure 227: Little Wilbraham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 228: Little Wilbraham: coins – date of production

Figure 229: London, St Peter's Hill: artefact date analysis

Figure 230: London, St Peter's Hill: artefact type analysis

Figure 231: London, St Peter's Hill: artefact metal analysis

Figure 232: London, St Peter's Hill: coins – date of production

Figure 233: Melton Ross: artefact date analysis

Figure 234: Melton Ross: artefact type analysis

Figure 235: Melton Ross: artefact metal analysis

Figure 236: Melton Ross: coins – date of production

Figure 237: Meols: artefact date analysis

Figure 238: Meols: artefact type analysis

Figure 239: Meols: artefact metal analysis

Figure 240: Meols: coins – date of production

Figure 241: Middle Harling: artefact date analysis

Figure 242: Middle Harling: artefact type analysis

Figure 243: Middle Harling: artefact metal analysis

Figure 244: Middle Harling: coins - date of production

Figure 245: Narborough: artefact date analysis

Figure 246: Narborough: artefact type analysis

Figure 247: Narborough: artefact metal analysis

Figure 248: Narborough: coins – date of production

Figure 249: Nettleton: artefact date analysis

Figure 250: Nettleton: artefact type analysis

Figure 251: Nettleton: artefact metal analysis

Figure 252: Nettleton: coins – date of production

Figure 253: 'Near Malton 1': artefact date analysis

Figure 254: 'Near Malton 1': artefact type analysis

Figure 255: 'Near Malton 1': artefact metal analysis

Figure 256: 'Near Malton 1': coins - date of production

Figure 257: 'Near Malton 2': artefact date analysis

Figure 258: 'Near Malton 2': artefact type analysis

Figure 259: 'Near Malton 2': artefact metal analysis

Figure 260: 'Near Malton 2': coins - date of production

Figure 261: 'Near Royston': artefact date analysis

Figure 262: 'Near Royston': artefact type analysis

Figure 263: 'Near Royston': artefact metal analysis

Figure 264: 'Near Royston': coins - date of production

Figure 265: Osbournby: artefact date analysis

Figure 266: Osbournby: artefact type analysis

Figure 267: Osbournby: artefact metal analysis

Figure 268: Osbournby: coins – date of production

Figure 269: Oxborough: artefact date analysis

Figure 270: Oxborough: artefact type analysis

Figure 271: Oxborough: artefact metal analysis

Figure 272: Oxborough: coins – date of production

Figure 273: Quidenham: artefact date analysis

Figure 274: Quidenham: artefact type analysis

Figure 275: Quidenham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 276: Quidenham: coins – date of production

Figure 277: Reculver: artefact date analysis

Figure 278: Reculver: artefact type analysis

Figure 279: Reculver: artefact metal analysis

Figure 280: Reculver: coins – date of production

Figure 281: Richborough: artefact date analysis

Figure 282: Richborough: artefact type analysis

Figure 283: Richborough: artefact metal analysis

Figure 284: Richborough: coins – date of production

Figure 285: Rocklands: artefact date analysis

Figure 286: Rocklands: artefact type analysis

Figure 287: Rocklands: artefact metal analysis

Figure 288: Rocklands: coins – date of production

Figure 289: Royal Opera House, London: artefact date analysis

Figure 290: Royal Opera House, London: artefact type analysis

Figure 291: Royal Opera House, London: artefact metal analysis

Figure 292: Royal Opera House. London: coins – date of production

Figure 293: Ryther: artefact date analysis

Figure 294: Ryther: artefact type analysis

Figure 295: Ryther: artefact metal analysis

Figure 296: Ryther: coins – date of production

Figure 297: Sandtun: artefact date analysis

Figure 298: Sandtun: artefact type analysis

Figure 299: Sandtun: artefact metal analysis

Figure 300: Sandtun: coins – date of production

Figure 301: Seething: artefact date analysis

Figure 302: Seething: artefact type analysis

Figure 303: Seething: artefact metal analysis

Figure 304: Seething: coins – date of production

Figure 305: Shalfleet: artefact date analysis

Figure 306: Shalfleet: artefact type analysis

Figure 307: Shalfleet: artefact metal analysis

Figure 308: Shalfleet: coins – date of production

Figure 309: Southampton Hamwic: artefact date analysis

Figure 310: Southampton Hamwic: artefact type analysis

Figure 311: Southampton Hamwic: artefact metal analysis

Figure 312: Southampton Hamwic: coins – date of production

Figure 313: 'South Lincs': artefact date analysis

Figure 314: 'South Lincs': artefact type analysis

Figure 315: 'South Lincs': artefact metal analysis

Figure 316: 'South Lincs': coins – date of production

Figure 317: South Newbald: artefact date analysis

Figure 318: South Newbald: artefact type analysis

Figure 319: South Newbald: artefact metal analysis

Figure 320: South Newbald: coins – date of production

Figure 321: Swinhope: artefact date analysis

Figure 322: Swinhope: artefact type analysis

Figure 323: Swinhope: artefact metal analysis

Figure 324: Swinhope: coins – date of production

Figure 325: Thwing: artefact date analysis

Figure 326: Thwing: artefact type analysis

Figure 327: Thwing: artefact metal analysis

Figure 328: Thwing: coins – date of production

Figure 329: Tibenham: artefact date analysis

Figure 330: Tibenham: artefact type analysis

Figure 331: Tibenham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 332: Tibenham: coins – date of production

Figure 333: Tilbury: artefact date analysis

Figure 334: Tilbury: artefact type analysis

Figure 335: Tilbury: artefact metal analysis

Figure 336: Tilbury: coins – date of production

Figure 337: Torksey: artefact date analysis

Figure 338: Torksey: artefact type analysis

Figure 339: Torksey: artefact metal analysis

Figure 340: Torksey: coins – date of production

Figure 341: West Rudham: artefact date analysis

Figure 342: West Rudham: artefact type analysis

Figure 343: West Rudham: artefact metal analysis

Figure 344: West Rudham: coins – date of production

Figure 345: West Walton: artefact date analysis

Figure 346: West Walton: artefact type analysis

Figure 347: West Walton: artefact metal analysis

Figure 348: West Walton: coins – date of production

Figure 349: Wharram Percy: artefact date analysis

Figure 350: Wharram Percy: artefact type analysis

Figure 351: Wharram Percy: artefact metal analysis

Figure 352: Wharram Percy: coins – date of production

Figure 353: Whissonsett: artefact date analysis

Figure 354: Whissonsett: artefact type analysis

Figure 355: Whissonsett: artefact metal analysis

Figure 356: Whissonsett: coins – date of production

Figure 357: Whitby Abbey: artefact date analysis

Figure 358: Whitby Abbey: artefact type analysis

Figure 359: Whitby Abbey: artefact metal analysis

Figure 360: Whitby Abbey: coins – date of production

Figure 361: Whithorn: artefact date analysis

Figure 362: Whithorn: artefact type analysis

Figure 363: Whithorn: artefact metal analysis

Figure 364: Whithorn: coins – date of production

Figure 365: Wormegay: artefact date analysis

Figure 366: Wormegay: artefact type analysis

Figure 367: Wormegay: artefact metal analysis

Figure 368: Wormegay: coins – date of production

Figure 369: York – Coppergate: artefact date analysis

Figure 370: York – Coppergate: artefact type analysis

Figure 371: York – Coppergate: artefact metal analysis

Figure 372: York – Coppergate: coins – date of production

Figure 373: York – Fishergate: artefact date analysis

Figure 374: York – Fishergate: artefact type analysis

Figure 375: York – Fishergate: artefact metal analysis

Figure 376: York – Fishergate: coins – date of production

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