Internet Archaeol 9. Hunter-Mann. Ceramic building material report

The ceramic building material assemblage from this site was relatively small, and totalled 45.178kg. The Roman material includes examples of imbrice, tegulae, brick and box flue. The bulk of this material was concentrated in the Period 6.1 dumps south of the Roman road, and was presumably brought in from the walled settlement as demolition debris.

The box flue would have been derived from a hypocaust system. The fragment from context 1028 is combed, suggesting an early 2nd century or later date. There was one example of a signature (maker's mark), on a tegula. Tracings of the signature, and the tegulae flange profiles have been lodged in the paper archive. A tessera made of re-used pottery was found in context 1121 (73). A distinctive ceramic shell-gritted fabric which was referred to as roof tile in the evaluation report (Steedman 1991, 37) is now regarded as pottery, see OXSH.

Several pieces of medieval roofing tile were present in the sample. It is not clear whether they were hung by nibs or pegs. The post-medieval material comprised pantile, brick, paver, land drain and sewer pipe. The presence of medieval and later ceramic building material in the latest surviving Roman deposits alongside the Roman road (Period 6.1) indicates that medieval ploughing and more recent disturbance has reworked part of the Roman deposits. A small amount of ceramic building material was examined only by the pottery specialist and is listed in Table 10.

Context	Form/s	Date
WRB91
1	Land drain	Post-medieval
2	Roman brick, brick	Medieval/post-medieval
5	Brick	Post-medieval
9	Brick	Medieval/post-medieval
10	Roman brick, tegula, imbrex, daub	Roman
12	Land drain	Post-medieval
14	Roman brick	Roman
18	Brick, pantile, plain roof tile	17th century+
19	Brick	?
71	Tegula, daub	Roman
71/150	?Daub	?Roman
72	Roman brick, daub	Roman
74	Roman brick, tegula	Roman
75	Brick	Medieval/post-medieval
77	Roman brick brick	Medieval/post-medieval
84	Roman brick, tegula, daub	Roman
94	Roman brick, tegula	Roman
128/132	Roman brick, daub	Roman
150	Roman brick, daub	Roman
161	Roman brick	Roman
175	?Brick	Roman/med
182	Daub	?Roman
194	Daub	?Roman
215	Daub	?Roman
KINCM 1994.294
1000	Pantile, plain roofing, paver, brick	17th century+
1001	Pipe, brick, tegula, imbrex, Roman brick	19th century+
1006	Roman brick	Roman
1008	Roman brick, tegula	Roman
1019	Tegula, flue tile, imbrex, plain roofing	Medieval
1021	Tegula	Roman
1022	Imbrex, tegula	Roman
1028	Roman brick, combed box flue	early 2nd century+
1034	Roman brick	Roman
1035	Brick	Medieval/post-medieval
1038	Roman brick, imbrex	Roman
1050	Roman brick	Roman
1055	Brick	?Roman
1061	Roman brick	Roman
1068	Imbrex	Roman
1098	Tegula, plain roofing	Medieval
1121	Roman brick, imbrex, tessera (sf604)	Roman
1137	Brick	Medieval/post-medieval
1143	Tegula	Roman
1147	Roman brick	Roman
1148	Roman brick, tegula, daub	Roman
1187	Daub	?Roman
1194	Brick	?
1205	Daub	?Roman
1200	Sewer pipe, brick	Post-medieval
1390	Tegula	Roman
2000	Roman brick, tegula, drain, sewer pipe	Post-medieval
2001	Roman brick, tegula, brick, pantile	17th century+
2009	?Imbrex, brick, pantile	17th century+
2015	Roman brick, brick, pantile	17th century+
2022	Tegula	Roman
2026	?Box flue	Roman
2027	Tegula, paver	19th century+
2032	Box flue	Roman
2045	Tegula	Roman
2060	Tegula, pantile	17th century+
2064	Tegula	Roman
2070	Brick	19th century+
2080	Brick	?
2083	Roman brick	Roman
4001	Tegula	Roman
4002	Brick	?
5015	Roman brick, imbrex	Roman

5.6.4 Ceramic building material

by S. Garside-Neville