List of Figures

Figure 1: Map showing the location of HPP Site 28, between the modern villages of East Heslerton and Sherburn, the parish boundaries and a colourised surface model showing the extent of the ancient wetland area in blue, the shallow slope from the foot of the Wolds in green, the Wolds scarp in orange/yellow and the Wolds in red (compiled using elevation data from NextMap).

Figure 2: Heslerton Site 28 geophysical survey results presented as a greyscale image.

Figure 3: Heslerton Site 28 geophysical survey results presented as a greyscale image overlain with identified anomalies digitised in yellow.

Figure 4: Classified feature plot for Site 28 showing the distribution of features on the basis of initial interpretation.

Figure 5: Detailed view of the geophysical survey results over the eastern half of the site showing the location of the three trenches 28M, AB and AC.

Figure 6: TIN model showing the results of the Delauney Tessellation with the trenches marked in red. The triangles are coloured to reflect the elevation change from the lowest in blue in the north to the highest in green at the south.

Figure 7: Contour survey covering Sites HPP028 and HPP034. Contours at 10cm intervals with metre contours in red from 27m in the north to 40m in the south.

Figure 8: Contour survey overlain by a classified geophysical survey plot.

Figure 9: The boundary of Area 28AA showing over the geophysical survey image.

Figure 10: High-resolution gradiometer survey of Trench 028AA overlain by excavated feature plan and distribution of iron objects.

Figure 11: The location of Areas 28AB and 28AC in relation to the geophysical survey.

Figure 12: Two views showing the excavated plough-marks cutting into the blown sands in Area 28AA.

Figure 13: Two views showing the excavated plough-marks in Area 28AB, cutting through a series of circular ditched features.

Figure 14: Plough damage in action; an oblique sectional view of a modern plough furrow cutting 15cm into the gravel, which has been lifted and folded on top of a small feature cut into the natural gravel (28AB).

Figure 15: Area 028AA showing the three phases of deeper ploughing leaving plough-marks and the extent of blown sand.

Figure 16: Plan showing plough-marks in Area 028AB.

Figure 17a: Sectional view of the finds distribution in the blown sand in Area 28AC (Z magnified x10).

Figure 17b: Animated sectional view of the finds distribution in the blown sand in Area 28AC (Z magnified x10).

Figure 18: The distribution of ceramics in Area 28AA, symbols sized according to weight.

Figure 19: Pit 028AA00046 showing the placement of cattle bones that appear to have supported a small ceramic vessel of Middle Iron Age date. The buried soil through which the pit had been cut has, by this stage, been removed.

Figure 20: Reconstruction of rim, shoulder and base of the Middle Iron Age vessel found, supported by a series of cattle bones, within a small pit (scale 50%) (028AA00046AD). The base fragment was one of a number of scattered sherds in the layer above the in situ sherds (028AA00047AA).

Figure 21: Relative finds frequency by material from Grubenhäuser (excluding animal bone and charcoal).

Figure 22: Area 28AA. Relative frequency of ceramics by period from Grubenhäuser.

Figure 23: Anglo-Saxon ceramic fabrics represented in the Grubenhäuser in Area 28M (sherd count).

Figure 24: Anglo-Saxon ceramic fabrics represented in the Grubenhäuser in Area 28M (weight).

Figure 25: Grubenhaus 028AA00024, showing the row of large post-holes cut through the eastern end of the feature.

Figure 26: Plan view of Area 28AA showing the broad furrow or trackway (028AA00025 in red) cutting across Grubenhaus 028AA00024.

Figure 27: Simple plot of species, identified animal bones from the Grubenhäuser by frequency.

Figure 28: Area 28AA from the north-west after removal of the blown sand layer sealing the Grubenhäuser; 028B00022, and 23 can just be seen to the west of the scales as two darker patches.

Figure 29: Excavation of the upper fill of Grubenhaus 028AA00025 in progress; the excavated furrow or trackway 028M00025 can be seen in the background (from the west).

Figure 30: Area 28AA after a devastating rainstorm that left the trench completely full of water (from south-east).

Figure 31: Area 28AA after excavation and prior to removal of the baulks through the three Grubenhäuser.

Figure 32: Grubenhaus 028AA00024, after excavation and before baulk removal; note the stone spread on top of the primary fill visible in the section (from the south).

Figure 33: Trench 28AB outlined in red over geophysical results showing multiple small circular and sub-circular ditched features. The main 'ladder settlement' complex is immediately to the north.

Figure 34: Area 28AB seen from the north, looking south after removal of the plough-marks. The most southerly of the ring-ditches correlates with one of the examples seen in the geophysical survey.

Figure 35: The northern end of 28AB, showing an almost complete penannular ditch with a deposit of burnt stone and charcoal, mostly cut away by a later fence line and recent ploughing near the centre.

Figure 36: 28AB. Work in progress removing the fills of the late fence-slot and gullies that cut through the ring-ditches from south to north. Note the large number of intercutting features in the centre of the area.

Figure 37: Screen dump showing the matrix linked both to the primary context record and the digitised drawings being used to generate a plan showing the sequence of construction of the 'barrowlets'.

Figure 38: Post settings in base of 'barrowlet' slot and geophysical survey showing other examples and trench location on Site 072.

Figure 39: The location of Trenches 28AB and 28AC shown in relationship to the geophysical survey data, indicating the trackway and related regular enclosure network to the south of the main ladder settlement complex.

Figure 40: Work in progress in Trench 28AC, showing Tom Cromwell using the reflectorless total station and Keith May recording using a Handspring PALM PDA.

Figure 41: The west-facing section through ditch 028AC00055 after excavation. The blown sand shows clearly beneath the modern ploughsoil, while the grey gleyed soils filling the base of the ditch demonstrate that the base of the ditch had contained standing water as it filled in.

Figure 42: The filled ditch of 'barrowlet' 028AC00064 showing as a dark soil mark running into the eastern limit of excavation.

Figure 43: The stone setting within the northern end of Trench 28AC and the partially excavated ring-gully during excavation.

Figure 44: Rectified photo-mosaic combining multiple vertical frames to give a high-resolution plan view of the northern twelve metres of 28AC.

Figure 45: The Landscape Research Centre Excavation data flow diagram.

Figure 46: 028AA00002CH - decorated body sherd.
Fabric Type: SST G; Vessel completeness: <5%; Weight: 2g; Wall thickness: 7mm; Incised decoration: one horizontal incised line; Worn exterior, completely abraded interior; Colour: dark grey; Context: 028AA00002.

Figure 47: 028AA00010ET - decorated body sherd.
Fabric Type: SST; Vessel completeness: <5%; Weight: 3.5g; Wall thickness: 8.5mm; Stamped decoration: Briscoe stamp motif A 4ai Smoothed but worn surfaces; Colour: grey; Context: 028AA00010.

Figure 48: 028AA00011KQ - decorated upper body sherd.
Fabric Type: SST G; Vessel completeness: <5%; Weight: 2.5g; Wall thickness: 6mm; Incised decoration: two horizontal incised lines above two parallel diagonal incised lines, probably forming part of a chevron pattern; Worn surfaces; Colour: dark grey; Context: 028AA00011.

Figure 49: 028AA00011KV - decorated upper body sherd.
Fabric Type: SST G; Vessel completeness: <5%; Weight: 11g; Wall thickness: 6mm; Stamped and incised decoration: horizontal incised line above Briscoe stamp motif A 4 border by two parallel diagonal incised lines, probably forming part of a stamped-chevron pattern, above two horizontal incised lines; Worn surfaces; Colour: dark brown outer surface, pale orange-brown outer core, grey core/inner surface; Context: 028AA00011.

Figure 50: 028AA00027MU - rim sherd of a small ?globular vessel with a short vertical rim.
Rim form: C4; Fabric Type: CALCT A; Rim diameter: not estim.; Rim percentage: not estim.; Vessel completeness: <5%; Weight: 4.5g; Wall thickness: 6mm; Smoothed surfaces, possibly burnished; Colour: dark brown outer surface, pale orange-brown outer core, grey core/inner surface; Internal carbonised residue and external sooting; Context: 028AA00027.

Figure 51: 028AA00034LW - decorated neck sherd.
Fabric Type: SST G; Vessel completeness: <5%; Weight: 4.5g; Wall thickness: 6mm; Incised decoration: three horizontal incised neck-lines above two parallel diagonal incised lines and one vertical incised line, probably forming part of a chevron pattern; Worn surfaces; Colour: grey; Probably burnished exterior, roughly smoothed interior; Context: 028AA00034.

Figure 52: 028AA00034NV - decorated shoulder fragment.
Fabric Type: SST A; Vessel completeness: <5%; Weight: 0.5g; Wall thickness: >5mm; Stamped and Incised decoration: one horizontal incised line above Briscoe stamp motif ?4; Worn surfaces; Colour: grey; Worn exterior, completely abraded interior; Context: 028AA00034. Sieved, SE quadrant.

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